The older prisoner health and social care assessment and plan (OHSCAP) versus treatment as usual: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Older people are the fastest-growing demographic group among prisoners in England and Wales and they have complex health and social care needs. Their care is frequently ad hoc and uncoordinated. No previous research has explored how to identify and appropriately address the needs of older adults in prison.

Psychiatric disorders, substance use, and executive functioning in older probationers.

Background: Although the number of older people serving community sentences (probation) after conviction for a criminal offence in England and Wales has increased rapidly since about 2006, this population has received little research attention.

Aim: To examine the mental health, substance use, and executive functioning of older probationers.

Methods: Thirty‐two male probationers aged 50 years and older were recruited from probation services in the Thames Valley, England, and administered validated semistructured interviews for psychiatric disorders, symptom checklists for depression and substance use, cognitive impairment screens, and neuropsychological tests of executive functioning (examining verbal fluency and response inhibition).

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The benefits and safety of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain controversial, and guidelines are inconsistent on which medications are preferred across different age groups. We aimed to estimate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of oral medications for ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.

Methods: We did a literature search for published and unpublished double-blind randomised controlled trials comparing amphetamines (including lisdexamfetamine), atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with each other or placebo.

Substance use disorders in prisoners: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis in recently incarcerated men and women.

Aims: The aims were to (1) estimate the prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders in prisoners on reception to prison and (2) estimate and test sources of between study heterogeneity.

Methods: Studies reporting the 12-month prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders in prisoners on reception to prison from 1 January 1966 to 11 August 2015 were identified from seven bibliographic indexes. Primary studies involving clinical interviews or validated instruments leading to DSM or ICD diagnoses were included; self-report surveys and investigations that assessed individuals more than 3 months after arrival to prison were not.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major public health issue. Pharmacological treatments play an important role in the multimodal treatment of ADHD. Currently, there is a lack of up-to-date and comprehensive evidence on how available ADHD drugs compare and rank in terms of efficacy and tolerability, in children or adolescents as well as in adults.

Links between depressive symptoms and unmet health and social care needs among older prisoners.

Background: absolute numbers of older prisoners and their proportion of the total prison population are increasing. They have multiple health and social care needs that are prominent on entry into prison. No previous studies have identified older prisoners' health and social care needs at this crucial point.

Improving awareness of patient safety in a peer-led pilot educational programme for undergraduate medical students.

Background: Patient safety is becoming an important but under-emphasised topic in medical education. Despite high-profile recommendations, it has not yet been ingrained in the medical undergraduate curriculum. We designed and evaluated an educational intervention on patient safety to pre-clinical undergraduate medical students, devised and run entirely by medical students in their clinical years.

Social and custodial needs of older adults in prison.

Background: older prisoners are a fast-growing group but there is limited evidence for how well their needs are being met.

Objectives: to quantify the social and custodial needs of older prisoners and suggest improvements for service provision.

Design: cross-sectional study.

The health and social needs of older male prisoners.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the health and social needs of older male prisoners in the North West of England, to determine whether their needs were being met, and to explore an age cut-off for this group.

Methods: Data were collected by interview and case note review. Areas covered included physical health, mental health, personality disorder, cognitive impairment and social need.

Handedness, measures of hemispheric asymmetry, and lateralised lexical decision.

The goals of the present study were to evaluate the differences between measures of lateralisation in the human brain derived from a dichotic listening (DL) task and from a task involving identification of visually presented consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) nonwords, and to correlate these lateralisation indices with performance on a lexical decision task involving visually presented words and nonwords. Visual stimuli were presented either in a central position, or to the left or right of fixation. Left-handed and right-handed participants completed each of the three tasks.

Evaluating a split processing model of visual word recognition: effects of orthographic neighborhood size.

The split fovea theory proposes that visual word recognition of centrally presented words is mediated by the splitting of the foveal image, with letters to the left of fixation being projected to the right hemisphere (RH) and letters to the right of fixation being projected to the left hemisphere (LH). Two lexical decision experiments aimed to elucidate word recognition processes under the split fovea theory are described. The first experiment showed that when words were presented centrally, such that the initial letters were in the left visual field (LVF/RH), there were effects of orthographic neighborhood, i.