The cultivable microbiota of the human distal ileum.

Objectives: The existing literature on the microbiota of the ileum is inconsistent. To further characterize the microbiota, we analysed samples obtained directly from resected ileums used for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy.

Methods: We included 150 patients with bladder cancer operated on from March 2016 to March 2019.

Non-metastatic prostate cancer: rationale for conservative treatment and impact on disease-related morbidity and mortality in the elderly.

To determine the rationale for not offering local treatment to prostate cancer patients with non-metastatic disease at diagnosis who later died of prostate cancer and to document local and systemic complications caused by disease progression. In this population-based, retrospective study we reviewed the medical records of all patients who died of prostate cancer in 2009-2014 in Vestfold County (Vestfold Mortality Study), who were non-metastatic at diagnosis and who had received no local treatment to the prostate ( = 117). A review of patient records demonstrated that the chronological age of 75 years or older was the main rationale for not offering local treatment to the prostate (37%,  = 43).

Species Level Description of the Human Ileal Bacterial Microbiota.

The small bowel is responsible for most of the body's nutritional uptake and for the development of intestinal and systemic tolerance towards microbes. Nevertheless, the human small bowel microbiota has remained poorly characterized, mainly owing to sampling difficulties. Sample collection directly from the distal ileum was performed during radical cystectomy with urinary diversion.

High Norwegian prostate cancer mortality: evidence of over-reporting.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of misattribution of prostate cancer deaths in Norway based on the county of Vestfold in the years 2009-2014.

Materials And Methods: The study included 328 patients registered as dead from prostate cancer (PCD; part I of death certificate), 126 patients with prostate cancer as other significant condition at death (OCD; part II of death certificate) and 310 patients who died with a diagnosis of prostate cancer not registered on the death certificate (PC-DCneg) in Vestfold County in 2009-2014. The complete cohort with patients' names and dates of birth was provided by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Norwegian Cancer Registry.

[Testicular torsion after previous fixation of the testis].

Testicular torsion (TT) is caused by rotation of the testis. If not treated acutely, TT causes ischaemic necrosis. As the anatomic variations responsible for the torsion are likely to be bilateral, the opposite testis should also be fixed.

Prostate cancer after exogenous testosterone replacement therapy in a patient with pituitary insufficiency.

We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with prostate cancer after 15 years of exogenous testosterone therapy. We discuss the literature on testosterone treatment, its possible prostatic complications and guidelines for monitoring the prostate during treatment.