Bone marrow sympathetic neuropathy is a hallmark of hematopoietic malignancies and it involves severe ultrastructural damage.

The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow (BM) supports HSC function, fate and numbers [1]. Sympathetic fibres innervate the BM and are components of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) niche [2]. Neuropathy of the HSPC niche is present and essential for disease development in experimental models of JAK2 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and it is present in the BM of human MPN and AML patients [3-6].