Genome sequence of a novel phlebovirus associated with lettuce big vein disease infecting lettuce ( spp.).

Lettuce big vein disease is a disease complex involving at least two RNA viruses, both transmitted by the soilborne fungus . Here, we present the genomic sequence of a novel unrelated third negative-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the family , recovered from infected lettuce plants.

A New Root-Knot Nematode species, n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), From Mexico and a Taxonomic Update on From Guatemala.

A new root-knot nematode (RKN) species, n. sp., associated with sweet pepper from Mexico, and a population of from Guatemala, are described using data from morphological, biochemical (isozyme enzymes), molecular, and phylogenetic analyses.

Rewiring of the Jasmonate Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis during Insect Herbivory.

Plant defenses against insect herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens are differentially regulated by different branches of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) MYC2 and the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain TF ORA59 antagonistically control these distinct branches of the JA pathway. Feeding by larvae of the specialist insect herbivore Pieris rapae activated MYC2 transcription and stimulated expression of the MYC2-branch marker gene VSP2, while it suppressed transcription of ORA59 and the ERF-branch marker gene PDF1.

Hormonal and transcriptional profiles highlight common and differential host responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the regulation of the oxylipin pathway.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and most vascular plants. The symbiosis significantly affects the host physiology in terms of nutrition and stress resistance. Despite the lack of host range specificity of the interaction, functional diversity between AM fungal species exists.

Towards a reporter system to identify regulators of cross-talk between salicylate and jasmonate signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.

The plant signaling hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are regulators of inducible defenses that are activated upon pathogen or insect attack. Cross-talk between SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways allows a plant to finely tune its response to the attacker encountered. In Arabidopsis, pharmacological experiments revealed that SA exerts a strong antagonistic effect on JA-responsive genes, such as PDF1.

Kinetics of salicylate-mediated suppression of jasmonate signaling reveal a role for redox modulation.

Cross talk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways plays an important role in the regulation and fine tuning of induced defenses that are activated upon pathogen or insect attack. Pharmacological experiments revealed that transcription of JA-responsive marker genes, such as PDF1.2 and VSP2, is highly sensitive to suppression by SA.