How has post-implementation surveillance of high-coverage vaccination with HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine in England added to evidence about its cross-protective effects?

Background: Bivalent human papillomavirus HPV16/18-AS04 vaccine (Cervarix, GSK) offers direct protection against HPV16/18. Results from randomised controlled trials showed cross protective effects and suggested that declines in some closely related HPV types could be expected in a population with high vaccination coverage.

Aim: To evaluate the evidence for cross-protection afforded by HPV16/18-AS04 from post-implementation surveillance in England, and how this complements clinical trial data and post-implementation observations in other countries.

Prospective, multi-center post-marketing surveillance cohort study to monitor the safety of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Chinese girls and women aged 9 to 45 years, 2018-2020.

Following the approval of for the immunization of girls and women in China against high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, a non-interventional post-authorization safety study was performed. A multi-center prospective cohort study assessed safety following vaccination of Chinese girls and women aged 9-45 years between 31 May 2018 and 3 December 2020. Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs), and pregnancy-related outcomes were collected up to 12 months from the third immunization or 24 months from the first immunization, whichever came first.

Burden of invasive group B Streptococcus disease in non-pregnant adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as an important cause of invasive disease in adults, particularly among the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities. Traditionally, it was recognised as an opportunistic pathogen colonising and causing disease in pregnant women, neonates, and young infants. Reasons for the upsurge of invasive GBS (iGBS) among the elderly remain unclear, although it has been related to risk factors such as underlying chronic diseases, immunosenescence, impaired inflammatory response, and spread of virulent clones.

Burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim was to summarize pneumococcal disease burden data among adults in Southern Europe and the potential impact of vaccines on epidemiology. Of 4779 identified studies, 272 were selected. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence was 15.

Public Health-Driven Research and Innovation for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines, European Union.

Influenza virus infections are a major public health threat. Vaccination is available, but unpredictable antigenic changes in circulating strains require annual modification of seasonal influenza vaccines. Vaccine effectiveness has proven limited, particularly in certain groups, such as the elderly.

Risk factors for death from invasive pneumococcal disease, Europe, 2010.

We studied the possible association between patient age and sex, clinical presentation, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and death in invasive pneumococcal disease cases reported by 17 European countries during 2010. The study sample comprised 2,921 patients, of whom 56.8% were men and 38.

European enhanced surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in 2010: data from 26 European countries in the post-heptavalent conjugate vaccine era.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe infectious diseases worldwide. This paper presents the results from the first European invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) enhanced surveillance where additional and valuable data were reported and analysed. Following its authorisation in Europe in 2001 for use in children aged between two months and five years, the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was progressively introduced in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries, albeit with different schemes and policies.

Epidemiologic and clinical implications of second-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

This review is based on published literature about some of the potential advantages and challenges of the second generation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, with special reference to 13-valent vaccine in children and adults.