Cryoelectrolysis; an acute case study in the pig liver.

We report results from an acute, single case study in the pig liver on the effects of a tissue ablation protocol (we named cryoelectrolysis) in which 10 min of cryosurgery, with a commercial cryosurgical probe, are delivered after 10 min of electrolysis generated by a current of about 60 mA. The histological appearance of tissue treated with cryoelectrolysis is compared with the appearance of tissue treated with 10 min of cryosurgery alone and with 10 min of electrolysis alone. Histology done after 3 h survival shows that the mixed rim of live and dead cells found around the ablated lesion in both cryosurgery and electrolytic ablation is replaced by a sharp margin between life and dead cells in cryoelectrolysis.

[Palpable undescended testicle: Surgical treatment by pre-scrotal incision Bianchi's Technique].

Objective: To present a retrospective, descriptive and observational study performed on a group of patients diagnosed with palpable undescended testicle (PUT) and surgically treated by pre-scrotal access, the "Bianchi technique".

Methods: The sample consists of a group of patients from 6 to 168 months old, diagnosed with palpable undescended testicle and treated by orchidopexy through pre-scrotal access Bianchi type (4), from January 2008 to June 2015 by the Pediatric Urology Equipment of Malaga, where the authors belong. To be part of the sample, the patients must meet the following requirements: male, diagnosis PUT, older than 6 months old and a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow.

Transperineal laparoscopy: a new approach.

Purpose: We describe and evaluate a new transperineal laparoscopic approach for male patients, designed to facilitate laparoscopic prostatectomy and cystectomy.

Patients And Methods: We operated on 12 patients. We did three laparoscopic prostatectomies and nine laparoscopic cystectomies.

[Multi-instruments cannula: a new concept of laparoscopy].

Objectives: Five or six perforations of the abdominal wall increase the possibilities of organ injury, infection, or hernia. Laparoscopy originally offered great advantages and significant progress. Multiple abdominal ports are now considered superfluous, excessively traumatic and, today, hardly merit the term 'minimally-invasive-surgery'.

[Gunshot wound with a bullet lodged in the prostate].

Objective: We describe a most unusual urological emergency: a firearm wound in which the blunt-nosed hand-gun bullet was lodged in the prostate. A bibliographic search of the literature revealed no similar case.

Methods: The patient was admitted presenting a gunshot wound with the entrance hole on the right buttock.

[Subcutaneous endoscopic surgery in urology].

Objectives: In endoscopic subcutaneous surgical procedures, new to Urology, the subcutaneous tissues are insufflated with carbon dioxide through a trocar to create working space without a surgical incision. Although this technique now predominates in surgery of the face, neck and breast, from the literature it appears that it has not yet been adopted for surgery in the region of the inguinal canal or in the scrotum. We describe these approaches.

[Essentials aspects of robotic systems].

Objectives: Most advances in Surgery can now be seen to have been preceded by the invention of new instruments. Conventional surgery progressed as new instruments became available. Transurethral resections became routine following the introduction 80 years ago of the resectoscope: a highly revolutionary instrument at that time.

[Single trocar laparoscopic nephrectomy].

Objectives: The usual laparoscopic hand assisted nephrectomy procedure requires either two or three trocars and a small incision to extract the organ. Our experience reveals that surgical invasion is significantly less when we use only one trocar and a retroperitoneal approach.

Methods: We start with a small low oblique incision close to the pubis and insert a trocar over the iliac crest.

[Finger assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy].

Objectives: Laparoscopic prostatectomy is the treatment of choice for localized prostate cancer. The learning curve for unexperienced teams is dauntingly steep because it is associated with high incidence of complications and such long operation times that the procedure becomes almost unacceptable. Therefore, we needed to seek an alternative for this operation that has been almost unmodified since first description in 1998.

[New master arm for transurethral resection with a robot].

Objective: In 1998, we designed a robot for transurethral resection that consisted of a master arm and a slave arm that reproduced the movements of the master. We describe the innovative master arm developed in two university departments that supersedes the mere "joystick" concept to become a true, operative surgical instrument.

Methods: The new master arm was developed from a conventional resectoscope working element integrated into a robotic manipulative device and fitted with angular displacement sensors.

Microlaparoscopic varicocelectomy.

Objectives: To review the development of laparoscopic varicocelectomy from our initial description in 1986 based in the first pioneering works of K. Semm and to describe our latest microlaparoscopic technique that uses 3 mm instruments.

Methods: We use 3 mm reusable trocars with a specially designed telescope and instruments.

[Initiation of laparoscopic nephrectomy].

Objective: This work is reported to encourage experienced urologists to take advantage of a laparoscopic nephrectomy technique that has evolved into a remarkably inexpensive, uncomplicated routine procedure almost comparable with the gallbladder operations of general surgery.

Methods: The patient is placed in the lumbotomy position. The unsleeved, uncuffed hand is introduced through a mini-McBurney incision in the iliac fossa.