Erratum: Phylogenetic analysis of metastatic progression in breast cancer using somatic mutations and copy number aberrations.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14944.

Phylogenetic analysis of metastatic progression in breast cancer using somatic mutations and copy number aberrations.

Several studies using genome-wide molecular techniques have reported various degrees of genetic heterogeneity between primary tumours and their distant metastases. However, it has been difficult to discern patterns of dissemination owing to the limited number of patients and available metastases. Here, we use phylogenetic techniques on data generated using whole-exome sequencing and copy number profiling of primary and multiple-matched metastatic tumours from ten autopsied patients to infer the evolutionary history of breast cancer progression.

MACVIA-LR (Fighting Chronic Diseases for Active and Healthy Ageing in Languedoc-Roussillon): A Success Story of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.

The Région Languedoc Roussillon is the umbrella organisation for an interconnected and integrated project on active and healthy ageing (AHA). It covers the 3 pillars of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA): (A) Prevention and health promotion, (B) Care and cure, (C) and (D) Active and independent living of elderly people. All sub-activities (poly-pharmacy, falls prevention initiative, prevention of frailty, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic diseases with multimorbidities, chronic infectious diseases, active and independent living and disability) have been included in MACVIA-LR which has a strong political commitment and involves all stakeholders (public, private, patients, policy makers) including CARSAT-LR and the Eurobiomed cluster.

Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer revealed by multiregion sequencing.

The sequencing of cancer genomes may enable tailoring of therapeutics to the underlying biological abnormalities driving a particular patient's tumor. However, sequencing-based strategies rely heavily on representative sampling of tumors. To understand the subclonal structure of primary breast cancer, we applied whole-genome and targeted sequencing to multiple samples from each of 50 patients' tumors (303 samples in total).

The impact of hyperglycemia and the presence of encapsulated islets on oxygenation within a bioartificial pancreas in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in a diabetic Wistar rat model.

This study investigates the potential of bone marrow (BM-MSCs) versus adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) to potentiate the oxygenation of encapsulated islets in a subcutaneous bioartificial pancreas. Oxygen pressures (inside subcutaneous implants) were followed in vivo (by electronic paramagnetic resonance) in non-diabetic/diabetic rats transplanted with encapsulated porcine islets or empty implants up to 4 weeks post-transplantation. After graft explantation, neoangiogenesis surrounding the implants was assessed by histomorphometry.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of tuberculosis subunit vaccines expressing PPE44 (Rv2770c).

In this study we have evaluated the vaccine potential of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen of the PPE protein family, namely PPE44 (Rv2770c). PPE44-specific immune responses could be detected in mice acutely, chronically and latently infected with M. tuberculosis.

A booster vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG does not increase the protective effect of the vaccine against experimental Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in mice.

Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a necrotizing skin disease emerging particularly in West Africa. M. bovis BCG vaccine offers only short-term protection against experimental footpad infection of C57BL/6 mice with M.

Malignant hyperthermia: advances in diagnostics and management.

Real-time monitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide during anaesthesia aids in the early detection of malignant hyperthermia and the occurrence of a rapid increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide, associated with unexplained persistent tachycardia, well before the core temperature begins to rise. Should malignant hyperthermia occur, however, dantrolene permits the dependable reversal of skeletal muscle hypermetabolism.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of tuberculosis DNA vaccines combining mycolyl-transferase Ag85A and phosphate transport receptor PstS-3.

DNA vaccines encoding the 32,000 MW mycolyl-transferase Ag85A and the 40,000 MW phosphate-binding protein PstS-3 can elicit protective immune responses against experimental infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. Here we have analysed the vaccine potential of a combination of both antigens using plasmid vectors expressing either a fusion protein of both antigens or the separate proteins driven by two independent promoters (in pBudCE4.1 vector).

Partial reconstitution of the CD4+-T-cell compartment in CD4 gene knockout mice restores responses to tuberculosis DNA vaccines.

Reactivation tuberculosis (TB) is a serious problem in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is known to confer protection against TB. Hence, vaccines against TB are designed to activate these two components of the immune system.

Priming but not boosting with plasmid DNA encoding mycolyl-transferase Ag85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases the survival time of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccinated mice against low dose intravenous challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv.

DNA vaccination is a potent means for inducing strong CD4+ (Th1) and particularly CD8+ mediated immune responses and protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in mice. Here we have analyzed the potential of a DNA vaccine encoding the immunodominant mycolyl-transferase Ag85A for increasing the efficacy of the current tuberculosis vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in three long-term survival experiments. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with BCG either following DNA priming or prior to DNA boosting.

Presence of two different genetic traits in malignant hyperthermia families: implication for genetic analysis, diagnosis, and incidence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.

Background: Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS), an uncommon syndrome often inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is characterized by a genetic and clinical heterogeneity. In this article, the authors described six pedigrees in which both parents of MHS patients were diagnosed with MHS by an diagnostic test. Haplotype and mutation analysis revealed that more than one MHS genetic trait was present in these families.

[Contraction-relaxation coupling of skeletal muscle in patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia].

Objective: To assess whether halothane exposure could influence contraction-relaxation coupling of human skeletal muscle with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. STUDY DESIGNED: Laboratory investigation.

Material And Methods: Muscle biopsies from 14 patients, including six classified as susceptible to MH (MHS) and eight as classified as non-susceptible (MHN) according to criteria of the European MH group.

Shortening velocity of skeletal muscle from humans with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: effects of halothane.

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of halothane on the velocity of shortening and lengthening of muscle from normal subjects and from patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Strips were mounted horizontally at optimal length in normal Krebs-Ringer's solution and mechanical parameters were obtained before and after exposure to 3 vol.% halothane.

[Evolution of the demography of anesthesia practitioners in French speaking Sub-Saharan Africa].

Objective: To assess the course of the demography of anaesthesia providers in French-speaking subsaharian countries.

Type Of Study: Retrospective survey.

Persons: Doctors trained in anaesthesia and nurse anaesthetists registered in West African medical societies.

[Anesthesia practice by nurse anesthetists in French speaking Sub-Saharan Africa].

Objective: To evaluate the practice of anaesthesia in French-speaking subsaharian countries.

Type Of Study: Prospective survey.

Persons: Two hundred seventeen nurse anaesthetists, from 11 different countries.

[Caffeine skinned fiber tension test: application to the diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia].

Objective: To assess the reactivity of sarcoplasmic reticulum to caffeine, using the skinned muscle fibre tension test and to compare it with the reference in vitro contracture test in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia (HM) susceptibility.

Study Design: Laboratory investigation.

Material: Muscle biopsies from 63 patients, including 29 classified as susceptible to MH (MHS) and 34 classified as non-susceptible (MHN) according to criteria of the European and the North American MH groups.

Effects of halothane on mechanical response of skeletal muscle from malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of halothane on malignant hyperthermia (MH) and normal isolated muscle bundle performance during isometric contraction and relaxation phases. Mechanical parameters were measured: peak tension (PT), time to peak tension (TPT) and positive peak of isometric tension derivative (+dP/dtmax) characterized the contraction phase. Half-relaxation time (RT1/2) and negative peak of isometric tension derivative (-dP/dtmax) characterized the relaxation phase.