Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

The risk of severe complications arising from primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is increased during pregnancy. Gestational pHPT often goes undiagnosed, and by the time it is diagnosed, a majority of women have endured one or more failed pregnancies. During pregnancy, active transport of calcium ions from the mother to the fetus leads to suppression of the fetal parathyroids.

Predictors of cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes.

A decline in cognitive function has been reported in type 1 diabetes, but its relation to different disease factors such as hypoglycemic events and peripheral neuropathy is controversial. The objective of the present study was to identify factors that are important for cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was performed in adult patients (N=150) with type 1 diabetes (duration 26.

Prandial subcutaneous injections of glucagon-like peptide-1 cause weight loss in obese human subjects.

Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (rGLP-1) was recently shown to cause significant weight loss in type 2 diabetics when administered for 6 weeks as a continuous subcutaneous infusion. The mechanisms responsible for the weight loss are not clarified. In the present study, rGLP-1 was given for 5 d by prandial subcutaneous injections (PSI) (76 nmol 30 min before meals, four times daily; a total of 302.

Pharmacokinetics of human tick-borne encephalitis virus antibody levels after injection with human tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin, solvent/detergent treated, FSME-BULIN S/D in healthy volunteers.

This study assessed tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) neutralizing antibody levels after injection of FSME-BULIN S/D (human tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin; 0.2 ml/kg body weight) in healthy volunteers. After screening of 18 volunteers for TBEV antibody titers, 12 healthy volunteers with TBEV antibody titers < 5 were entered into the pharmacokinetic part of the study.

Antidiabetogenic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 related to administration relative to meal intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To establish the antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) when differently administered relative to meal intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Design: The study was a placebo-controlled comparison with random assignment to treatment sequence. A 3-h stepwise infusion of GLP-1 (17 nmol) was started either at the onset of a standard meal (550 kCal) (A) or at 30 min (B) or 60 min (C) after the start of the meal.

Tetanus antibody levels of female volunteers after injection with solvent/detergent-treated human tetanus immunoglobulin (Tetabulin S/D).

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the increase of antitetanus titre in volunteers following injection with human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTI).

Materials And Methods: Twelve females with tetanus antibody titres of < or = 0.05 international units (IU)/ml were injected with 500 IU of human tetanus immunoglobulin (Tetabulin S/D).

Persons with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: acceptance and coping ability.

Aims: The purposes of this study were to describe how persons with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) accept their disease and what sense of coherence they have, in order to determine whether a person's acceptance of the disease is related to his or her sense of coherence. Whether acceptance of the disease and sense of coherence are related to the disease duration, complications of the disease, metabolic control and demographic data would also be determined.

Design: One hundred and seven, randomly selected, insulin-dependent, diabetic subjects (47 men and 60 women) participated in the study.

The ethanol augmentation of glucose-induced insulin secretion is abolished by calcium antagonism with nifedipine: no evidence for a role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).

We studied the effect of ethanol and calcium antagonism (nifedipine) on insulin- (n = 8) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (n = 6) secretion in healthy subjects. Four experiments in random order were performed (control, ethanol, nifedipine, and combination). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed with and without pretreatment with oral ethanol and nifedipine.

Inhibition of melatonin secretion by ethanol in man.

To determine whether ethanol inhibits nocturnal melatonin (MT) secretion, three experiments (A, B, and C) were performed in seven normal subjects. In A, ethanol at a dose of 0.34 g/kg was administered orally at 6:00, 8:00, and 10:00 PM.

The influence of indomethacin, theophylline, and propranolol on ethanol augmentation of glucose-induced insulin secretion.

The effect of indomethacin, theophylline, and propranolol on ethanol augmentation of insulin secretion after intravenous glucose stimulation was studied. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed with and without pretreatment with oral ethanol. The role of indomethacin was evaluated in six healthy subjects; the effect of theophylline and propranolol on ethanol augmentation in insulin secretion was studied in five and six subjects, respectively.

Collaborative study of a control standard endotoxin using the Limulus amebocyte (gel-clot) test.

A collaborative study was undertaken to determine the potency in endotoxin Units (EU) and International Units (IU) of a control standard endotoxin, LIF-1. Five laboratories from the Swedish Pharmaceutical Industry participated in the study. As reference preparations, two official standards, USP reference standard endotoxin, EC-5 (expressed in EU) and WHOs international standard endotoxin (expressed in IU), were used.

Insulin sensitivity in alcoholics in a withdrawal state.

Insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic alcoholics in a withdrawal state was investigated using a euglycaemic clamp technique on two occasions with an interval of 1 week. Insulin was infused at a rate of 40 mU m-2 min-1 (n = 9) and 20 mU m-2 min-1 (n = 9). Hepatic glucose production was estimated with tritiated glucose in six subjects.

Influence of naloxone, atropine, and metoclopramide on ethanol augmentation of insulin secretion after intravenous glucose stimulation.

The effect of naloxone (opiate antagonist), atropine (muscarinic antagonist), and metoclopramide (dopamine antagonist) upon ethanol augmentation of insulin secretion after intravenous glucose stimulation was studied in 19 young healthy subjects. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed with and without pretreatment with oral ethanol. The effect of naloxone, atropine, and metoclopramide on insulin secretion was investigated in six, six, and seven subjects, respectively.

Use of two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection for the measurement of lipopolysaccharides in peritoneal fluid and plasma from rats with induced peritonitis.

The content of 3-hydroxymyristic acid from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in peritoneal fluid and plasma from rats was determined by two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection of the 3-O-pentafluorobenzoyl methyl ester derivative. The detection limit of lipopolysaccharide in peritoneal fluid was 3 ng/ml. An experimental model of E.

Biological responses of sheep treated with endotoxin-contaminated superoxide dismutase and endotoxin preparations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological response of sheep to different doses of endotoxin and endotoxin-contaminated enzyme preparations. The enzyme used in this experiment was superoxide dismutase (SOD), as it is currently being used in many different experiments and because several preparations were found to be heavily contaminated with endotoxin. A group of ewes were injected intravenously with a variety of different treatments.

Insulin secretion in alcoholics in a withdrawal state.

Insulin secretion was studied after stimulation with oral glucose and intravenous glucagon in 23 chronic alcoholics in a withdrawal state. Each subject was studied twice at one week's interval between the examinations. The insulin and C-peptide responses to glucagon were lower in the early withdrawal state.

Insulin uptake by the human alcoholic cirrhotic liver.

Insulin uptake by the human cirrhotic liver was studied in six patients with Laennec's cirrhosis, and the result was compared with that found in ten control patients with varying diseases affecting the biliary system. All patients had portal catheters for diagnostic purposes. The fractional hepatic uptake of insulin was calculated from the clearance rates for insulin obtained after a constant rate infusion into a peripheral vein and the portal vein in each patient.

Prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in men with chronic alcoholism.

To investigate whether anterior pituitary function is disturbed in chronic alcoholic men after a period of alcoholic abuse, TSH and PRL secretagogues were given to such patients in the acute and late withdrawal states (1 and 8 days after admission to hospital, respectively). The TSH and PRL responses were compared with those obtained in a group of control patients without a history of alcohol abuse. Twenty five micrograms of TRH, injected iv in six alcoholic men during acute withdrawal, raised TSH by 1.

Insulin effect in chronic alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal.

Insulin effect was investigated in 20 chronic alcoholics by use of an insulin and glucose infusion which suppressed endogenous insulin secretion. It was found that the effect of insulin was lower during the first week than the second week of alcohol withdrawal.