Key insights into recommended SMS spam detection datasets.

Short Message Service (SMS) spam poses significant risks, including financial scams and phishing attempts. Although numerous datasets from online repositories have been utilized to address this issue, little attention has been given to evaluating their effectiveness and impact on SMS spam detection models. This study fills this gap by assessing the performance of ten SMS spam detection datasets using Decision Tree and Multinomial Naïve Bayes models.

Toxicological complexity of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems.

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic debris, smaller than <5 mm, are viewed as persistent contaminants that significantly modify terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity by altering soil microbiota, structure, and functions. This paper summarizes MPs' interactions with various pollutants, including heavy metals and pesticides, also addressing socio-economic impacts, such as reduced agricultural yields and threats to regional fisheries. The study emphasizes the need for an on the basis of waste management model to mitigate these effects, advocating for collaborative efforts among stakeholders.

Targeting Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway using bioactive compounds to combat mastitis.

Mastitis is a common inflammation of mammary glands that has a significantly impact on dairy production and animal health, causing considerable economic burdens worldwide. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory changes and suppressed immunity are considered the key biomarkers observed during mastitis. The Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating antioxidant responses and cellular defense mechanisms.

Urine Retention Versus Post-obstructive Diuresis as a Potential Cause of Acute Hyponatremia: A Case Report.

Acute urine retention is a common urologic emergency that is frequently seen in the Emergency room (ER). Standard treatment includes placing a urinary catheter or a suprapubic catheter with outpatient urologic follow-up. Urine retention can cause complications, such as hyponatremia and post-obstructive diuresis.

Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation.

The incorporation of rice straw (RS) and Chinese milk vetch (CMV) with reduced chemical fertilizers (CFs) is a viable solution to reduce the dependency on CF. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the impact of CMV and RS with reduced CF on rice production. A field trial was conducted from 2018 to 2021 with six treatments: CK (no fertilizer), F100 (100% NPK fertilizer (CF)), MSF100 (100% CF+CMV and RS incorporation), MSF80 (80% CF+CMV+RS), MSF60 (60% CF+CMV+RS), and MSF40 (40% CF+CMV+RS).

Butyrate Supplementation Improves Intestinal Health and Growth Performance in Livestock: A Review.

Butyrate supplementation has gained considerable attention for its potential benefits in livestock, particularly concerning intestinal health and growth performance. This review synthesizes recent research on the diverse roles of butyrate, across various livestock species. As a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate is known for enhancing intestinal development, improving immune function, and modulating microbial diversity.

Outcomes of Reconstructive Surgery Using Vacuum-Assisted Closure in Patients With Complex Wounds.

This study aimed to assess the results of reconstructive surgery with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in patients with complex wounds. The sample included 60 patients with a mean age of 53.03 years.

Correlation Between Ki-67 Expression and Tumor Grade in Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Ki-67 is a proliferation marker that may correlate with tumor grade in breast cancer. This study explores the association between Ki-67 expression levels and tumor grade in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study analyzed Ki-67 expression in tumor samples from 280 breast cancer patients.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the p53 Protein in Colorectal Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study.

The role of p53 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in this immunohistochemical analysis of 110 CRC patients. The study aimed to explore the relationship between p53 expression and clinicopathological features, such as tumor grade, size, lymph node involvement, and molecular subtypes. The mean age of patients was 52.

Association of the Mayo-Adhesive Probability Score With the Total Operative Time of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy.

Introduction: Living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is often performed using hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN). Adherent perinephric fat (APF) can complicate HALDN, increasing operative time. The Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score predicts APF preoperatively.

Distinguishing abiotic corrosion from two types of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) using a new electrochemical biofilm/MIC test kit.

Biofilms can cause biofouling, water quality deterioration, and transmission of infectious diseases. They are also responsible for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which can cause leaks, resulting in environmental disasters. A new disposable biofilm/MIC test kit was demonstrated to distinguish abiotic corrosion of carbon steel from MIC.

A comprehensive analysis of the impact of arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate-nitrite dynamics on groundwater quality and its health implications.

Groundwater contamination is a growing global concern. The objective of the present study is to assess the groundwater quality of Khairpur district, Sindh, Pakistan-a region which is emblematic of broad environmental and public health challenges prevalent in South Asian countries. The study also aims to comprehend the impact of arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and nitrate (NO) dynamics and its health implications.

Correction: Community engagement to increase vaccine uptake: Quasi-experimental evidence from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Complexities, Benefits, Risks, and Clinical Implications of Sodium Bicarbonate Administration in Critically Ill Patients: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Sodium bicarbonate has been used in the treatment of different pathologies, such as hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, aspirin toxicity, acute acidosis, lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and adrenergic receptors' resistance to catecholamine in patients with shock. An ongoing debate about bicarbonate's efficacy and potential harm has been raised for decades because of the lack of evidence supporting its potential efficacy. Despite the guidelines' restrictions, sodium bicarbonate has been overused in clinical practice.

Association of corneal endothelial cell morphology with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and identifies subjects with MCI who develop dementia. This study assessed whether abnormalities in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) morphology are related to corneal nerve morphology, brain volumetry, cerebral ischemia, and cognitive impairment in MCI and dementia.

Methods: Participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent CCM to quantify corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and area (CECA), corneal nerve fiber morphology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry, and severity of brain ischemia.

How investment in children shape fertility choices of families: Evidence from Pakistan.

Fertility patterns are transitioning globally in that couples are choosing to have fewer children as they become more affluent, and parents are investing more time and resources in the lives of their children than they can receive back. This change is more established in developed countries and is now being recognized in developing countries. We explored this phenomenon and its implications for family planning in Pakistan, hypothesizing a quantity-quality transition underway.

Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies and Differentiates Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy.

Purpose: To assess whether corneal nerve analysis can identify and differentiate patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from those with epilepsy.

Methods: Participants with MS (n = 83), participants with epilepsy (n = 50), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and quantification of automated corneal nerve fiber length (ACNFL), automated corneal nerve fractal dimension (ACNFrD), and ACNFrD/ACNFL ratio of the subbasal nerve plexus.

Results: ACNFL (MS: P < 0.

Elevation of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Human AMD Donor RPE-Choroid.

Purpose: Choroidal inflammation, complement deposition, and accumulation of C-reactive protein (CRP) are involved in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. The pro-inflammatory signals that regulate immune cell recruitment in the choroid of patients with AMD remain to be determined. We performed cytokine profiling of human AMD and age-matched control donor tissue to identify inflammatory molecules upregulated in AMD tissue.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ABSENTEEISM AMONG STUDENTS OF GOMAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Background: Absenteeism in educational settings is a significant barrier to academic success and skill development. This study investigates the socio-demographic factors contributing to absenteeism among students at Gomal Medical College MTI, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, highlighting the importance of class attendance for fostering essential job-related skills and overall student development.

Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, this research was conducted from April to September 2023 within the Community Medicine Department of Gomal Medical College.

Choroidal macrophages in homeostasis, aging and age-related macular degeneration.

With increasing age, the optimal functioning of the choroid is essential for efficient removal of waste products formed from photoreceptor renewal. A decline in regulatory elements of the immune system, termed immunosenescence, and the failure of para-inflammation to restore tissue homeostasis can result in the progression of healthy aging to sight-threatening inflammation of the choroid. Macrophages are uniquely situated between the innate and adaptive immune systems, with a high capacity for phagocytosis, recognition of complement components, as well as antigen presentation.

Biodegradable cobalt and tin doped chitosan nanocomposites from structure tailoring to solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic dyes.

The primary concern is the large amounts of emitted organic dyes through wastewater from numerous sectors. One of the most hazardous dyes commonly used in the industrial sector is methyl violet. It has been known to cause skin, gastric, and respiratory disorders.

Unveiling the potential of aluminum-decorated 3D phosphorus graphdiyne as a catalyst for NO reduction.

Interest in single-atom catalysts (SACs) has surged due to their potential to mitigate greenhouse NO gas from the environment. In this study, we explore the potential of NO reduction using porous 3D phosphorus graphdiyne decorated with an Al atom (3D-Al/PGDYN) through density functional theory. Results confirm the energetic stability of Al decorations on 3D-PGDYN and indicate that the Al atom plays an active role in catalysis.