Evaluation of Surgical Site Infection Rates in Traumatic Surgical Fixation and Arthroplasty Performed in Laminar Flow Versus Non-laminar Flow Theatres During the COVID Pandemic.

Introduction Laminar flow (LF) in theatres has become the standard of care in orthopaedic implant surgery. Most of the evidence for laminar flow use is based on arthroplasty surgery, with early studies showing a significant reduction in infections. We conducted a retrospective comparative study to assess surgical site infection (SSI) rates in consecutive patients undergoing surgery for trauma in LF and non-laminar flow (NLF) theatres.

Use of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Total hip Arthroplasty.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature regarding regional anesthesia (RA) techniques and outcomes for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the face of changing surgical techniques and perioperative considerations.

Recent Findings: Based on large meta-analyses, peripheral nerve blocks are indicated for THA. Each block has its own risks and benefits and data for outcomes for particular techniques are limited.

Undiagnosed vertebral fragility fractures in patients with distal radius fragility fractures: an opportunity for prevention of morbimortality in osteoporotic patients in developing countries.

Unlabelled: Our study investigates vertebral fractures in individuals with distal radius fractures. Among 512 patients, 41.21% had vertebral fractures, predominantly in the lumbar spine.

Sustainable struggling: decoding microplastic released from bioplastics-a critical review.

This comprehensive review delves into the complex issue of plastic pollution, focusing on the emergence of biodegradable plastics (BDPs) as a potential alternative to traditional plastics. While BDPs seem promising, recent findings reveal that a large number of BDPs do not fully degrade in certain natural conditions, and they often break down into microplastics (MPs) even faster than conventional plastics. Surprisingly, research suggests that biodegradable microplastics (BDMPs) could have more significant and long-lasting effects than petroleum-based MPs in certain environments.

Clinicoradiological features of probable chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) syndrome.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a recently described chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease. This case report describes a young female patient presenting with weakness in bilateral upper and lower limbs and tinnitus for 2 months. A neurological examination revealed signs of brainstem and cerebellar involvement.

Enhanced biodegradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A by food waste composting without bioaugmentation: Analysis of bacterial communities and their relative abundances.

Composting with food waste was assessed for its efficacy in decontaminating Bisphenol A (BPA). In a BPA-treated compost pile, the initial concentration of BPA 847 mg kg fell to 6.3 mg kg (99% reduction) over a 45-day composting period.

A review of biosensor for environmental monitoring: principle, application, and corresponding achievement of sustainable development goals.

Human health/socioeconomic development is closely correlated to environmental pollution, highlighting the need to monitor contaminants in the real environment with reliable devices such as biosensors. Recently, variety of biosensors gained high attention and employed as application, in real-time, and cost-effective analytical tools for healthy environment. For continuous environmental monitoring, it is necessary for portable, cost-effective, quick, and flexible biosensing devices.

Erector Spinae Plane Catheters for Analgesia for Cytoreduction Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Case Series.

Cytoreduction surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a complex and painful procedure that can cause postoperative hypotension and coagulopathy. Epidural analgesia may worsen hypotension and is contraindicated in the setting of coagulopathy. While alternative regional techniques are being explored, the use of erector spinae plane blocks has not been reported.

Bismuth Sulfide Doped in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Degrades Nitric Oxide under Solar Irradiation.

This study developed and examined the application of bismuth sulfide doped on graphitic carbon nitride (BiS@g-CN) in the degradation of NO under solar irradiation. BiS@g-CN was prepared through the calcination method. The morphological structure and chemical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were analyzed before the degradation tests.

Unexpected Anatomical Variation While Performing an Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Block for Shoulder Surgery.

Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are very common. Knowledge of the possible anatomical variations encountered in ultrasound imaging is crucial for the safe and effective practice of regional anesthesia. The interscalene block (ISB) targets the brachial plexus roots in the interscalene groove, between the anterior and middle scalene muscles (MSM), at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.

A new flexible generalized family for constructing many families of distributions.

We propose a (NFGF) for constructing many families of distributions. The importance of the NFGF is that any baseline distribution can be chosen and it does not involve any additional parameters. Some useful statistical properties of the NFGF are determined such as a linear representation for the family density, analytical shapes of the density and hazard rate, random variable generation, moments and generating function.

How Many Neurosurgeons Does It Take to Author an Article and What Are the Other Factors That Impact Citations?

Background: A scientific publication is a mirror that defines the image of a researcher in his academic and professional world. Neurosurgery and Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) are the 2 most reputed journals in the neurosurgical community.

Methods: We evaluated all the original articles published in these 2 journals in the last issue of the year/December (2000-2019).

Imageless navigation total hip arthroplasty - an evaluation of operative time.

Introduction: Imageless navigation has been successfully integrated in knee arthroplasty but its effectiveness in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been debated. It has consistently been shown that navigation adds significant time and cost to the operation. Further, the relative success of traditional hip replacements has impeded the adoption of new techniques.

Effectiveness Of Plain Shoulder Radiograph In Detecting Degenerate Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background: Studies have demonstrated radiographic findings of sclerosis and cortical irregularity at the greater tuberosity can suggest a rotator cuff tear. Plain radiographs are the most easily attainable first-line investigations in evaluating shoulder injuries. This study determines the effectiveness in predicting degenerate rotator cuff tears by detecting radiographic changes on shoulder x-rays.

Predictors of retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study using spectral domain optical coherence tomography with segmentation analysis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by progressive axonal loss affecting mainly the inner retinal layers. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides in-vivo quantification of the retinal layers and allows measuring progressive retinal changes. Our objective was to assess the longitudinal changes in the retina using spectral domain OCT (SDOCT) and to identify independent predictors affecting retinal thinning in MS patients.

Implants For Extracapsular Neck Of Femur Fracture Dynamic Hip Screw Versus Intramedullary Nailing.

Neck of femur fractures are the most prevalent type of injury in elderly trauma patients. Both intra and extra capsular type of fractures are equally distributed in the given population. Traditionally, Extra capsular fractures are fixed with Dynamic Hip screw or Intra medullary nailing based on the type of fracture.

Modeling Learning in Surgical Practice.

Objective: Methods that model surgical learning curves are frequently descriptive and lack the mathematical rigor required to extract robust, meaningful, and quantitative information. We aimed to formulate a method to model learning that is tailored to dealing with the high variability seen in surgical data and can readily extract important quantitative information such as learning rate, length of learning, and learnt level of performance.

Methods: We developed a method where progressively more complex models are fitted to learning data.

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Describing the Diagnostic Accuracy of History, Physical Examination, Imaging, and Lumbar Puncture With an Exploration of Test Thresholds.

Background: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare, but serious etiology of headache. The diagnosis of SAH is especially challenging in alert, neurologically intact patients, as missed or delayed diagnosis can be catastrophic.

Objectives: The objective was to perform a diagnostic accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis of history, physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, computed tomography (CT), and clinical decision rules for spontaneous SAH.

Abdominal adiposity, body composition and survival after liver transplantation.

Background: Current measures of obesity do not accurately describe body composition. Using cross-sectional imaging, objective measures of musculature and adiposity are possible and may inform efforts to optimize liver transplantation outcomes.

Methods: Abdominal visceral fat area and psoas muscle cross-sectional area were measured on CT scans for 348 liver transplant recipients.

Permanent sensorineural deafness in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia secondary to intracranial hemorrhage.

A 52-year-old male presented with tinnitus and fullness in left ear for one day. Workup revealed a white blood cell count of 685 × 10(3)/μL with marked increase in granulocyte series and myeloid precursors on peripheral smear. The initial impression was chronic myelogenous leukemia with hyperleukocytosis, and patient was started on hydration, hydroxyurea, and allopurinol.

Diagnosing a gastric submucosal tumor using jumbo biopsy "unroofing" technique: a case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of a 40-year-old female who presented with dyspeptic symptoms for six months. Upper GI endoscopy revealed a submucosal nodule in gastric antrum. Using "jumbo biopsy unroofing technique" we were able to get adequate tissue for analysis.

Re-challenge chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus carboplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Despite recent improvements to current therapies and the emergence of novel agents to manage advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the patients' overall survival remains poor. Re-challenging with first-line chemotherapy upon relapse is common in the management of small cell lung cancer but is not well reported for advanced NSCLC. NSCLC relapse has been attributed to acquired drug resistance, but the repopulation of sensitive clones may also play a role, in which case re-challenge may be appropriate.

Morphometric age and surgical risk.

Background: A cornerstone of a surgeon's clinical assessment of suitability for major surgery is best described as the "eyeball test." Preoperative imaging may provide objective measures of this subjective assessment by calculating a patient's morphometric age. Our hypothesis is that morphometric age is a surgical risk factor distinct from chronologic age and comorbidity and correlates with surgical mortality and length of stay.

The importance of improving the quality of emergency surgery for a regional quality collaborative.

Introduction: Within a large, statewide collaborative, significant improvement in surgical quality has been appreciated (9.0% reduction in morbidity for elective general and vascular surgery). Our group has not noted such quality improvement in the care of patients who had emergency operations.