A Comprehensive Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Klippel Feil Syndrome.

Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal development of the cervical spine, leading to the fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae. The syndrome presents diverse symptoms, including limited neck movement, chronic pain, and neurological manifestations such as limb numbness or weakness. The severity of KFS can vary significantly, and treatment primarily focuses on symptom management and preventing complications such as scoliosis or spinal cord compression.

Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Challenges.

Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is an X-linked recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the gene. The syndrome is characterized by short stature, obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, fleshy ears, and finger and toe abnormalities. However, the diagnostic challenge in identifying BFLS remains a topic of interest.

Prevalence of acute kidney injury and its characteristics among neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Introduction: Unique aspects of neonatal renal physiology enhance the occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as a complication of neonatal sepsis. The study sought to determine prevalence of AKI and its characteristics in neonates with suspected sepsis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital among neonates aged 0-28 days.

Paediatric Nephrology in Africa.

Purpose Of Review: We highlight the unique facets of paediatric nephrology in Africa in terms of the spectrum of kidney diseases, available diagnostic and treatment modalities, kidney healthcare financing options, paediatric nephrology manpower and the contribution of geography and demographics.

Recent Findings: Paediatric acute kidney injury in Africa is now commonly due to sepsis rather than gastroenteritis. Steroid-sensitive form of nephrotic syndrome is far more common than was two decades ago.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depressive Symptoms among Pakistani Population during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regression Analysis.

Over a span of 1 year, with millions infected, COVID-19 has spread to every part of the world and now poses a health threat to each and every one of us. The outbreak has consequently resulted in multiple health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, panic, and denial globally. Several factors have contributed to this rising number of psychiatric consults all over the world.

Efficacy of Mobile phone use on adherence to Nevirapine prophylaxis and retention in care among the HIV-exposed infants in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: HIV is a major contributor to infant mortality. A significant gap remains between the uptake of infant and maternal antiretroviral regimens and only a minority of HIV-exposed infants receives prophylaxis and safe infant feeding. Losses to follow-up of HIV-exposed infants are associated with shortcomings of facility-based PMTCT models with weak community support of linkages.

Patient- and parent proxy-reported outcome measures for life participation in children with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment may severely limit the ability of children with CKD to do daily tasks and participate in family, school, sporting and recreational activities. Life participation is critically important to affected children and their families; however, the appropriateness and validity of available measures used to assess this outcome are uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics, content and psychometric properties of existing measures for life participation used in children with CKD.

Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in asphyxiated neonates: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common complication of perinatal asphyxia. Recent research indicates that urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early marker for AKI; yet, there is a paucity of data about its use in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 108 term babies in the new-born unit of Pumwani Maternity Hospital and Kenyatta National Hospital.

Evaluating the level of adherence to Ministry of Health guidelines in the management of severe acute malnutrition at Garissa Provincial General Hospital, Garissa, Kenya.

Introduction: Half of Kenya's high infant and under five mortality rates is due to malnutrition. Proper implementation of World Health Organization's (WHO) Evidence Based Guidelines (EBG) in management of severe acute malnutrition can reduce mortality rates to less than 5%. The objectives were to establish the level of adherence to WHO guideline and the proportion of children appropriately managed for severe acute malnutrition (steps 1-8) as per the WHO protocol in the management of severe acute malnutrition.

Successful resuscitation of a three month old child with intralipid infusion, presumed to have bupivacaine induced seizures and cardiovascular complications: case report.

Anaesthetic agents used locally can be toxic especially if given as an inappropriate dose or route. Lipid infusion has been demonstrated in several animal models to successfully resuscitate bupivacaine induced toxicity. We present a case of successful use of 26% lipid infusion to resuscitate a paediatric patient with a presumed subcutaneous injection of bupivacaine and lignocaine which led to neurological and cardiologic consequences.

Seroprevalence of varicella zoster antibodies among children with malnutrition, malignancies and HIV infection.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of varicella zoster in paediatric patients at a high risk of developing complications.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Paediatric general wards at Kenyatta National Hospital.