Bouveret's Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review on a Gallstone Disease Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction.

Introduction Bouveret's syndrome refers to a gastric outlet obstruction due to the impaction of a large gallstone following retrograde migration via a bilio-duodenal fistula. Although no clear management guideline has been formulated, different treatment modalities have been described, including endoscopic stone removal using classical endoscopic devices, like snares and forceps, or fragmentation of stones with new devices, such as lasers and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). Results This case series reports six patients who have been diagnosed with Bouveret's syndrome and have presented with interesting radiological and endoscopic findings.

Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training in Medical Students Using Simulated Patients or Volunteer Outpatients.

Communication skills are the vital basis for patient-doctor interactions in undergraduate medical education. With excellent patient-physician interaction and communication, patients will likely build better rapport and trust with the physician. This allows all the necessary information to be divulged with the reassurance of confidentiality and devise appropriate investigations and treatment plans that patients would be more inclined to follow.