Retrospective study of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and child survival in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectives: To compare the effects of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections on outcome of pregnancy, infant mortality, and child survival, and to measure serological concordance between mothers and children.

Design: Retrospective cohort study with cross sectional study of concordance for HIV antibodies.

Setting: Hospital, tuberculosis clinic, and maternal and child health centre in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, west Africa.

Epidemiology and transmission of HIV-2. Why there is no HIV-2 pandemic.

Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 share modes of transmission, their epidemiologic characteristics differ and international spread of HIV-2 has been very limited. Recently, the prevalence of infection with HIV-1 but not HIV-2 has increased rapidly in different West African countries, where HIV-2 was probably present earlier. Among 19,701 women of reproductive age tested in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, between 1988 and 1992, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection increased from 5.

A comparison of clinical features in tuberculosis associated with infection with human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2.

Between July 1989 and December 1990, 4504 new adult patients with tuberculosis were screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) 1 and 2 in Abidjan's 2 tuberculosis treatment centres. The prevalence levels of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were 30.2% and 4.

HIV infection and primary resistance to antituberculosis drugs in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs, and to relate this resistance to HIV serologic status.

Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study.

Setting: The two major outpatient tuberculosis clinics in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa.

Immunological comparison of HIV-1-, HIV-2- and dually-reactive women delivering in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectives: To compare the basic immunological changes induced by HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and to assess the immune status of subjects serologically reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dually-reactive).

Design: Immune parameters were studied cross-sectionally in women delivering in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa, where HIV-1 and HIV-2 are endemic. In this area, a significant number of sera from infected individuals are reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2.

HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

We conducted a study of 1,003 well and hospitalized children, birth to 5 years old, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection, evaluate risk factors for infection, and describe associated clinical characteristics. The overall seroprevalence was significantly higher for children in the hospital (10.8%) than for those attending the clinic (3.

Risk of tuberculosis in patients with HIV-I and HIV-II infections in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Objective: To examine the association between HIV-II infection and tuberculosis.

Design: Cross sectional study comparing the prevalence of HIV-I and HIV-II infections in patients with tuberculosis and in blood donors.

Setting: Abidjan, Ivory Coast, west Africa.

Rapid and specific diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections: an evaluation of testing strategies.

To identify cost-effective testing strategies for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections, we evaluated different combinations of tests on serum specimens from 1134 consecutive patients attending tuberculosis treatment centers in Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire. Virus-specific whole-virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (WVE), Western blot (WB) and synthetic peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPE) were used in sequential fashion to determine the true prevalence of infection; 27% were reactive to HIV-1, 5% to HIV-2, and 10% to both viruses. Of 239 specimens positive on WB for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, SPE diagnosed 38% as HIV-1-reactive and 16% as HIV-2-reactive, while 46% remained reactive to both viruses.

A comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in hospitalized patients in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

In late 1988, a cross-sectional study of 1715 adult medical patients hospitalized in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, west Africa, showed an overall prevalence of HIV infection of 46% in men and 28% in women. On the basis of specific testing by whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot and synthetic peptide ELISA, HIV-1 infection was found in 25%, HIV-2 infection in 4%, and reactivity to both viruses in 11% of male and female patients combined. People infected with HIV-2, as well as those who were reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2, had a frequency of AIDS-associated symptoms and signs similar to that in HIV-1-infected patients, and significantly greater than that in seronegative patients.