Factors contributing to non-union amongst dentate mandibular fractures treated by load-sharing miniplate osteosynthesis: a case-control study.

The stability provided by load-sharing miniplate osteosynthesis (LSMO) in dentate mandibular fractures (DMF) is usually adequate for bony healing. Non-union following LSMO is an uncommon complication. We aimed to determine the incidence and identify contributing factors, if any, of non-union amongst DMFs that have undergone LSMO.

Pseudoaneurysm: Cause of Unusual Postoperative Bleed in Head and Neck.

Although, instances of postoperative bleeding in ENT surgery are infrequent, sometimes they can be dreadful for both patient & surgeon. Here we are reporting 2 cases of postoperative bleeding that we encountered recently. (1) Superficial temporal artery aneurysmal bleed- post parotidectomy (2) Left superior thyroid artery aneurysmal bleed- post tracheostomy.

Prognostic determinants in severe odontogenic space infections: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Background: Odontogenic space infections are a common presentation in oral and maxillofacial surgery units worldwide. Multiple patient and treatment dependent variables may be used predict the outcomes of the disease process. This study was aimed at a retrospective evaluation of significant predictors of prognosis in terms of length of hospital stay and the need for re-exploration in cases of odontogenic space infections.

Performance characteristics of two new rapid HIV diagnostic assays and use of test band reader.

Purpose: Accurate HIV diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient care. This present study evaluated the performance of two different new rapid HIV diagnostic tests; 1) TRUSTline HIV-1/2 Ab rapid test (Athenese-DxPvt. Ltd, Chennai, India)and 2) OnSite HIV 1/2 Ab Plus Combo Rapid Test (CTK Biotech Inc.

Development and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Herbal Extract: In Vivo Antidepressant Activity.

In alternate systems of medicine like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and its extracts have been traditionally prescribed for their antidepressant activity. Crude extracts and rudimentary formulations approaches are good for proof-of-concept studies; however, these formulations are fraught with problems like poor oral bioavailability and high variability between subjects. Systematic drug delivery approaches could prove effective in addressing some of these problems.

Assessing the Feasibility and Effectiveness of an App in Improving Knowledge on Oral Cancer-an Interventional Study.

Although current oral health care initiatives have proved to be quite successful, a great number of individuals are unaware of how their choice of daily activities compromises their oral health. That is why newer technologies like WhatsApp can definitely serve as a platform to communicate dental advice, thereby strengthening the bridge between health and technology. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a tool for providing health education on tobacco and oral cancer as compared to the conventional health education via PowerPoint.

Encapsulation systems for the delivery of hydrophilic nutraceuticals: Food application.

Increased health risk associated with the sedentary life style is forcing the food manufacturers to look for food products with specific or general health benefits e.g. beverages enriched with nutraceuticals like catechin, curcumin rutin.

Amorphous nano-curcumin stabilized oil in water emulsion: Physico chemical characterization.

Particle characteristics e.g. size and polymorphism are known to significantly affect the Pickering ability of the solid particles by influencing their interaction at the oil and water (O/W) interface.

Fabrication of amorphous curcumin nanosuspensions using β-lactoglobulin to enhance solubility, stability, and bioavailability.

Curcumin has low aqueous stability and solubility in its native form. It also has a low bioavailability which presents a major barrier to its use in fortifying food products. The aim of this work was to reduce the size of curcumin crystals to the nanoscale and subsequently stabilize them in an amorphous form.

Co-delivery of hydrophobic curcumin and hydrophilic catechin by a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion.

Curcumin and catechin are naturally occurring phytochemicals with extreme sensitivity to oxidation and low bioavailability. We fabricated a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion encapsulating hydrophilic catechin and hydrophobic curcumin simultaneously. The co-loaded emulsion was fabricated using a two-step emulsification method, and its physicochemical properties were characterised.

Modified pullulan nanoparticles for oral delivery of lopinavir: formulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

In this investigation, we report the use of the pullulan acetate, a hydrophobic derivative of pullulan in the formulation of Lopinavir loaded nanoparticles meant for oral delivery. Pullulan was modified to pullulan acetate by acetylation process in the presence of pyridine; acetylation was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectra. Lopinavir, an HIV-protease inhibitor was formulated into nanoparticles of pullulan acetate by the well-known emulsion-solvent-evaporation method.

Development of artemether and lumefantrine co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: physicochemical characterization and in vivo antimalarial activity.

Context: Artemether and lumefantrine combination therapy is well-accepted for uncomplicated malaria treatment. However, the current available formulation has several pharmacokinetic mismatches such as drug degradation in gastrointestinal tract, erratic absorption, etc. Hence, need of the hour is the injectable formulation, which can overcome the pharmacokinetic mismatch associated with current available formulation in the market.

Poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules for oral delivery of raloxifene: process optimization by hybrid design approach, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Raloxifene HCl (RLX), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has low oral bioavailability (<2%) in humans due to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism in gut. In this study, we optimised the method of preparation for poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based nanocapsules of RLX by double emulsion method (w/o/w). A hybrid design approach, Plackett-Burman design followed by rotatable central composite design, was used to arrive at the optimised formulation.

Lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of raloxifene: optimization, stability, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism.

Raloxifene HCl (RLX) shows low oral bioavailability (<2%) in humans due to poor aqueous solubility and extensive (>90%) metabolism in gut. Lipid nanoparticles (SLN) with glyceryl tribehenate were designed to enhance drug's oral bioavailability. Box-Bhenken design was used to optimize manufacturing conditions.

Nasal in-situ gels for delivery of rasagiline mesylate: improvement in bioavailability and brain localization.

Intranasal thermosensitive gel for rasagiline mesylate (RM) was developed for effective treatment of Parkinson's disease. Intranasal gels were prepared by combination of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 (1:1) with mucoadhesive polymers (carbopol 934 P and chitosan). The formulations were evaluated for sol-gel transition temperature, in-vitro drug release and in-vivo mucociliary transit time.

Effect of aqueous pH and electrolyte concentration on structure, stability and flow behavior of non-ionic surfactant based solid lipid nanoparticles.

The effects of pH and electrolyte concentration on the structure evolution, polymorphism, flow behavior and stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), stabilized by the food-grade non-ionic surfactant Tween 80, were investigated. Development of a lipid crystal was governed by thermodynamically stable β- and β'-subunits and relative crystallinity decreased with increasing pH and electrolyte concentration. Aqueous stability and dispersibility increased with increasing pH and decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration.

Advances in nanomedicines for malaria treatment.

Malaria is an infectious disease that mainly affects children and pregnant women from tropical countries. The mortality rate of people infected with malaria per year is enormous and became a public health concern. The main factor that has contributed to the success of malaria proliferation is the increased number of drug resistant parasites.

Design, optimization and evaluation of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) based polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of lopinavir.

Lopinavir (LPV)-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Effects of various critical factors in preparation of loaded NPs were investigated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize particle size and entrapment efficiency (EE) of loaded NPs.

Curcumin and genistein coloaded nanostructured lipid carriers: in vitro digestion and antiprostate cancer activity.

To increase the oral bioavailability of curcumin and genistein, we fabricated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and the impact of these carriers on bioaccessibility of curcumin and genistein was studied. Entrapment efficiency was more than 75% for curcumin and/or genistein-loaded NLCs. Solubility of curcumin and/or genistein in simulated intestinal medium (SIM) was >75% after encapsulating within NLCs which otherwise was <20%.

LC method for determination of rasagiline mesylate in different plasma matrices and its application to oral pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.

A simple, rapid and sensitive reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is developed and validated for estimation of rasagiline mesylate in different plasma matrices (rat, rabbit and human plasma). The method employs an isocratic elution technique with a Kromasil C18 column and has an optimized mobile phase composition of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer-acetonitrile (40:60 v/v). The plasma samples displayed linear detector responses in the concentration range of 0.

Curcuminoids-loaded liposomes in combination with arteether protects against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.

Curcuminoids are poorly water-soluble compounds with promising antimalarial activity. To overcome some of the drawbacks of curcuminoids, we explored the potential of liposomes for the intravenous delivery of curcuminoids in a model of mouse malaria. The curcuminoids-loaded liposomes were formulated from phosphatidylcholine (soy PC) by the thin-film hydration method.

Effect of grapefruit juice and ritonavir on pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in Wistar rats.

Lopinavir (LPV), a newer HIV protease inhibitor, has poor bioavailability being a substrate of both cytochrome P450 3A enzyme system (CYP3A) and permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp). Ritonavir (RTV) is a known inhibitor of both P-gp and CYP3A and is co-administered with LPV in anti-HIV therapy. Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is known to inhibit CYP3A and has conflicting effects, ranging from activation to inhibition, on P-gp.

Arthemeter-loaded lipid nanoparticles produced by modified thin-film hydration: Pharmacokinetics, toxicological and in vivo anti-malarial activity.

Artemether-loaded lipid nanoparticles (ARM-LNP) composed of 5% (w/v) lipid mass were produced by a modified thin-film hydration method using glyceryl trimyristate (solid lipid) and soybean oil (as liquid lipid in a concentration ranging from 0 to 45% (w/v) with respect to the total lipid mass). The particles were loaded with 10% of the anti-malarial ARM and surface-tailored with a combination of non-ionic, cationic or anionic surfactants. ARM-LNP were further characterized for their mean particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency, reporting optimized values below 120nm (PI<0.

Assessment of in vivo antimalarial activity of rifampicin, isoniazide, and ethambutol combination therapy.

The existing armament of drugs for the treatment and prevention of malaria is inadequate due to development of resistance. In addition to this due to lack of economic enticement the rate of new drug development and new drug discovery in the segment of parasitic diseases is very low as compared to the other segments. This has necessitated the better deployment and usage of existing antimalarial drugs as well as discovery of antimalarial activity of drugs which are well characterized for other diseases; these approaches help to reduce the time and cost required for new drug discovery.