A Systematic Scoping Review of Comparative Effectiveness Studies in Kidney Stone Disease.

Objective: To review the status of comparative effectiveness studies for kidney stone disease with focus on study outcome, type, population, time trends, and patient-centered approaches.

Methods: A systematic scoping review was performed for articles published between January 1, 2005, and March 30, 2021, using keywords relevant to kidney stone disease. Studies published in English that compared two or more alternative methods for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, or care delivery were included.

Chronic opioid users with dysphagia are indistinguishable from symptomatic nonusers on functional lumen imaging probe evaluation.

Background: Opioid-induced esophageal dysmotility (OIED) includes spastic esophageal motility disorders, increasingly recognized in the contemporary opioid epidemic. We assessed functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) findings in diagnosing OIED.

Methods: Symptomatic patients undergoing FLIP with no prior foregut surgery who completed validated questionnaires were identified and segregated into chronic opioid users and nonusers in this cohort study.

Primary Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: A New Look at a Rare but Challenging Disease.

Primary pulmonary vein stenosis (PPVS) represents a rare but emerging, often progressive heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Although our understanding of PPVS disease has improved markedly in recent years, much remains unknown regarding disease pathogenesis, distinct disease phenotypes, and patient- and disease-related risk factors driving the unrelenting disease progression characteristic of PPVS. In the pediatric population, risk factors identified in the development of PPVS include an underlying congenital heart disease, prematurity and associated conditions, and an underlying genetic or congenital syndrome.