Postoperative analgesic efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided erector spinae plane block after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A randomized controlled study.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) a minimally invasive method for the removal of renal calculi and is associated with significant pain in postoperative period. Conventionally, intravenous opioids, local anesthetic infiltration, and regional blocks (intercostal/paravertebral blocks) have been tried with less efficacy to control postoperative pain. The present study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) performed under fluoroscopy guidance for postoperative analgesia during PCNL.

Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Lactobacillus Species.

Probiotics are the living and non-pathogenic microbial supplements which, upon administration in adequate quantities, influence the host organism positively by improving gut health and enhancing intestinal mucosal integrity. They suppress potentially pathogenic microorganisms by competing with them for nutrients as well as space for gut adherence. Lactobacillus species are the most commonly used bacteria in the probiotic preparations and studies show that they have cholesterol-lowering effects on the hosts.

Long- and short-term protective responses of rice seedling to combat Cr(VI) toxicity.

In India, rice is the principal crop and is the staple diet of majority of the population. Widespread use of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in leather processing, wood preservatives, stainless-steel manufacture, and electroplating industries has resulted in contamination of paddy fields and poses a great challenge to the society be it crops, animals, or human beings. Cr(VI) toxicity results in growth inhibition and leading to changes in components of antioxidant systems as well as secondary metabolites.