A rare complication of intracardiac double knotting of temporary pacemaker lead during bedside insertion: a case report.

Background: Temporary pacemaker lead implantation is a common low-risk procedure, but can occasionally get complicated by infections, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and perforation of the vessel or the heart. However, intracardiac knotting of the temporary pacemaker lead has been rarely reported. This could lead to vascular or valvular injury, pneumothorax, symptomatic loss of pacing or haemodynamic compromise, and difficult lead removal.

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Embolism.

Pulmonary embolism is the occlusion of the pulmonary arteries by blood or foreign material. Commonly pulmonary embolism is seen when thrombus from the deep veins of the legs or pelvis embolise into the pulmonary artery. Rarely tumours, vegetations can embolise to pulmonary artery.

ST2: Current status.

Cardiovascular diseases are leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and are responsible for 1 out of every 6 deaths in the United States. Cardiac remodeling is an important determinant of long term outcomes and occurrence of heart failure (HF). Many times one requires additional tools like biomarkers to identify high risk individuals, to diagnose disease conditions accurately and to effectively prognosticate the patients.