A novel experimental model of MetALD in male mice recapitulates key features of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Background: The recent increase in the incidence of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) coincides with the obesity epidemic in the United States. However, current mouse models do not fully replicate the combined insults of obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and alcohol. The aim of this study was to develop a new mouse model that recapitulates the robust inflammatory and fibrotic phenotype characteristic of human MetALD.

Combined Insults of a MASH Diet and Alcohol Binges Activate Intercellular Communication and Neutrophil Recruitment via the NLRP3-IL-1β Axis in the Liver.

Binge drinking in obese patients positively correlates with accelerated liver damage and liver-related death. However, the underlying mechanism and the effect of alcohol use on the progression of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unexplored. Here, we show that short-term feeding of a metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) diet plus daily acute alcohol binges for three days induce liver injury and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Neutrophil extracellular traps activate hepatic stellate cells and monocytes via NLRP3 sensing in alcohol-induced acceleration of MASH fibrosis.

Objective: Alcohol use in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with an increased risk of fibrosis and liver-related death. Here, we aimed to identify a mechanism through which repeated alcohol binges exacerbate liver injury in a high fat-cholesterol-sugar diet (MASH diet)-induced model of MASH.

Design: C57BL/6 mice received either chow or the MASH diet for 3 months with or without weekly alcohol binges.

Hepatic macrophage mediated immune response in liver steatosis driven carcinogenesis.

Obesity confers an independent risk for carcinogenesis. Classically viewed as a genetic disease, owing to the discovery of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, genetic events alone are not sufficient to explain the progression and development of cancers. Tumor development is often associated with metabolic and immunological changes.

What Factors Predict Falls in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Pilot Study.

Background: In community-dwelling older adults, slow gait speed is linked to falls; however, little is known about the use of gait speed to predict falls in nursing home residents. The prevalence of risk factors for falls in nursing home residents is multifactorial.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between falls and multiple factors such as age, sex, gait speed, mobility device, fear of falling, cognitive function, medication, and environmental causes in a nursing home setting.

Universal binding energy relation for cleaved and structurally relaxed surfaces.

The universal binding energy relation (UBER), derived earlier to describe the cohesion between two rigid atomic planes, does not accurately capture the cohesive properties when the cleaved surfaces are allowed to relax. We suggest a modified functional form of UBER that is analytical and at the same time accurately models the properties of surfaces relaxed during cleavage. We demonstrate the generality as well as the validity of this modified UBER through first-principles density functional theory calculations of cleavage in a number of crystal systems.

Surface structure and properties of functionalized nanodiamonds: a first-principles study.

The goal of this work is to gain fundamental understanding of the surface and internal structure of functionalized detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) using quantum mechanics based density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The unique structure of ND assists in the binding of different functional groups to its surface which in turn facilitates binding with drug molecules. The ability to comprehensively model the surface properties, as well as drug-ND interactions during functionalization, is a challenge and is the problem of our interest.