Incidence of Airway Abnormalities in Children With Craniosynostosis.

Introduction: Children with syndromic craniosynostosis are known to have a high propensity for associated airway abnormalities. However, this has not been investigated using a large-scale national database.

Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, the 2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kid's Inpatient Database was queried for craniosynostosis patients.

Association of meningitis and clival canal defect: case illustration, management, and systematic review of the literature.

Objective: Improper embryological development of the clivus, a bony structure that comprises part of the skull base, can lead to a clival canal defect. Previously thought to be a benign condition, clival canals have been reported to be associated with meningitis and meningoceles. In this review, the authors sought to present an unpublished case of a patient with a clival canal defect associated with meningitis and to evaluate all other reported cases.

Congenital and Neonatally Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital diagnoses, recognized in large part by a robust newborn hearing screening program. Ensuring appropriate follow-up of failed newborn hearing screening is crucial to avoid delay in initiation of treatment for hearing loss. The most common etiology for congenital hearing loss is genetic, but some cases can be acquired.

Association of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency With Quality of Life and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Speech Surgery.

Importance: Patients with cleft palate and other causes of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) suffer adverse effects on social interactions and communication. Measurement of these patient-reported outcomes is needed to help guide surgical and nonsurgical care.

Objectives: To further validate the VPI Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) instrument, measure the change in quality of life (QOL) after speech surgery, and test the association of change in speech with change in QOL.

Cleft Lip Repair, Nasoalveolar Molding, and Primary Cleft Rhinoplasty.

Cleft lip and palate are the fourth most common congenital birth defect. Management requires multidisciplinary care owing to the complexity of these clefts on midface growth, dentition, Eustachian tube function, and lip and nasal cosmesis. Repair requires planning, but can be performed systematically to reduce variability of outcomes.

Septorhinoplasty in the Pediatric Patient.

Pediatric septorhinoplasty has been an area of controversy because early surgical intervention can prevent normal growth. There are certain conditions where early correction of the nose is indicated, such as in cleft lip nasal deformities, severe traumatic deformities, and congenital nasal lesions. Animal and clinical studies have been helpful in elucidating certain areas of the nose that are potential growth zones that should be left undisturbed when performing nasal surgeries on pediatric patients.

Pediatric laryngotracheal separation following a go-cart injury.

Less than one percent of trauma admission cases are categorized as pediatric neck trauma [13]. Nevertheless, due to an increasingly mobile society, there has been an increasing frequency of pediatric neck trauma with motor vehicle accidents being the most common mechanism of injury [8]. We present a case of laryngotracheal separation from a blunt, clothesline injury to the neck in a pediatric patient.

Primary surgery for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer: A stage and subsite-specific survival analysis.

Background: Treatment recommendations for advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have evolved significantly over the last 2 decades.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with advanced-stage laryngeal SCC treated between 2004 and 2012.

Results: A total of 6797 patients were identified in the SEER database who met inclusion criteria, with 2051 patients undergoing primary surgery and 4746 patients undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

One-way valve bottle contamination rates in the immediate post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery period.

Background: Sinonasal saline irrigation has become an accepted practice in the immediate postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) patients. Recent studies have found that valveless delivery systems of sinonasal irrigation are colonized with bacteria. An alternative delivery system uses a one-way valve to reduce saline backflow and may limit bottle contamination.

Peripheral inflammation induces tumor necrosis factor dependent AMPA receptor trafficking and Akt phosphorylation in spinal cord in addition to pain behavior.

In the present study, intraplantar carrageenan induced increased mechanical allodynia, phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and GluR1 ser 845 (PKA site) as well as GluR1, but not GluR2 movement into neuronal membranes. This change in membrane GluR1/GluR2 ratio is indicative of Ca(2+) permeable AMPA receptor insertion. Pain behavior was reduced and biochemical changes blocked by spinal pretreatment, but not post-treatment, with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, Etanercept (100microg).