Implementation of a health education program in Asia, comparing Thailand, Indonesia, and Japan.

Background: The global community is faced with aging societies, which will result in increased health care costs. we have been introducing our International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-certified health education system in Thailand and Indonesia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to collect data on the effects of this ISO-certified health education system, to extend the healthy life expectancy and to study the feasibility of implementing this program and in new social contexts.

The systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary and participatory (SHIP) approach supports the conservation program of medicinal plants in Bali.

Development process brings the positive as well as negative impacts. Among others, the negative impacts include the extinction of some medicinal plants. The research issue is what strategy can be used for preserving the medicinal plants while little attention is given to them.

The change of working posture in Manggur decreases cardiovascular load and musculoskeletal complaints among Balinese gamelan craftsmen.

Manggur, which means to plane down or sharpen, is a manual process in producing copper blades of Balinese gamelan orchestra. The craftsmen of Manggur work 6 to 8 hours a day, sitting on the floor with folded legs and hunched back. Because the craftsmen often complain about musculoskeletal problems after having completed a full day work, an ergonomic intervention was made by changing their usual working posture (the first working posture) into working on tables while sitting on chairs for one hour and alternately standing for half an hour (the second working posture).