Biomarkers.

Background: The validation of blood-based biomarkers presents a promising role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis owing to their accessibility and diminished invasiveness. However, despite awareness of confounding factors like kidney function, inaccuracies persist in AD diagnosis using plasma p-tau. Notably, diverse conditions that modify blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability have been linked to high plasma p-tau levels, irrespective of AD pathophysiology.

Biomarkers.

Background: Aging is an established confounding factor influencing the plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). While age-specific cutoff values for NfL in healthy Caucasian populations have been documented, the potential variations in ethnically and socioeconomically underrepresented populations remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of proposed NfL cutoff values in the healthy Thai population.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tauopathy is recognized not only as a pathological substrate but also exhibits a robust correlation with the clinical manifestations of dementia, leading to diverse neuropsychiatric manifestation. However, human brain functions as networks rather than modules. The conventional query of 'Where is the lesion (regionally)?' may inadequately capture the entirety of dementia manifestations.

Biomarkers.

Background: The roles of reactive astrogliosis in response to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and early tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been more elucidated. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has taken the spotlight, following phosphorylated tau (p-tau), in evaluating patients with AD. In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of plasma GFAP compared to other biomarkers.

Biomarkers.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered the crucial part of neuroprotection from various neurological insults including infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) pathologies especially cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and gadolinium enhancement might reflect the disruption of BBB. The correlation between BBB permeability measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin quotient (Qalb) and CSVD biomarkers is poorly understood.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau-PET and plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) have emerged as pivotal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Despite the practical advantages of using plasma p-tau, there is limited understanding regarding its relationship with the topographic distribution of tau-PET, particularly within the Southeast Asian population. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between plasma p-tau levels and the spatial patterns observed in tau-PET among Thai patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Biomarkers.

Background: Plasma tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau217) has demonstrated excellent performance in identifying individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both research and memory clinic settings. Nonetheless, implementing plasma p-tau217 into clinical practice remains a challenge requiring careful clinical judgement and conservative interpretation near the cutpoint. The present study proposes a strategy that utilizes Bayes theorem in considering the clinical context, individualized (ie.

Biomarkers.

Background: Dementia is a critical concern in the aging population, and understanding biomarkers associated with cognitive trajectories can provide valuable insights to improve diagnosis and intervention strategies.

Method: We conducted our study at a geriatric check-up clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, focusing on a healthy cohort of older adults aged 60 or older without dementia. This study included patients with available plasma p-tau181 levels (Quanterix, Simoa) concurrent with cognitive evaluations no more than one year before the blood test, as well as at least one cognitive test administered after the blood test.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tauopathy is recognized not only as a pathological substrate but also exhibits a robust correlation with the clinical manifestations of dementia, leading to diverse neuropsychiatric manifestation. However, human brain functions as networks rather than modules. The conventional query of 'Where is the lesion (regionally)?' may inadequately capture the entirety of dementia manifestations.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered the crucial part of neuroprotection from various neurological insults including infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) pathologies especially cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and gadolinium enhancement might reflect the disruption of BBB. The correlation between BBB permeability measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin quotient (Qalb) and CSVD biomarkers is poorly understood.

The Bayesian approach for real-world implementation of plasma p-tau217 in tertiary care memory clinics in Thailand.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217 is a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but its clinical implementation remains challenging. We propose a strategy based on Bayes' theorem and test it in real-life memory clinics.

Methods: Memory clinic patients were evaluated by neurocognitive specialists for prespecified diagnosis and subsequently underwent blood collection for p-tau217, cerebrospinal fluid, or amyloid positron emission tomography.

Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay using a small-scale substrate production workflow for the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

The lack of a dedicated surveillance program for prion disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), has hindered the global effort to address this public health threat. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is considered the most reliable test for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), its availability in LMICs is limited because of its cost and technical difficulty in generating the recombinant prion protein substrate (recPrP). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of RT-QuIC with recPrP produced in-house through a small-scale method-that is, the application of reusable prepacked chromatography columns and subsequent dialysis.