The anesthetic approach to a patient with placenta accreta spectrum.

Purpose Of Review: Placenta accreta poses significant risk of morbidity and mortality to a laboring patient. Here we review available treatment options, highlight trends in bleeding prevention and diagnosis that have been shown to improve patient outcome, and provide best practice suggestions. We also discuss the decision-making process for choice of anesthesia, as it is not based on a gold-standard paradigm.

Anxiety and pain perception using a speculum-free eyelid retraction technique for intravitreal injection.

Purpose: This study compared pain and anxiety levels in individuals receiving intravitreal injections (IVIs) using a speculum-free injection technique, the lid splinting eyelid retraction technique, or using a speculum.

Methods: This was a prospective study of individuals receiving IVI at a single tertiary care medical center who responded to a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) between December 2019 and January 2020. In one group, a speculum was used prior to injection, whereas in the other group, a speculum-free injection technique was used.