Background: Despite documented mental illness-related disparities in cervical cancer screening and incidence, insufficient data exist on differences in cervical cancer prevention strategies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. We aimed to investigate the association of mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions among girls and their parents with uptake of HPV vaccination in Sweden.
Methods: This population-based cohort study was based on the Swedish school-based HPV vaccination programme, which offers the first vaccine dose to girls aged 10-13 years, with a second dose offered within 12 months.
Background: With the rapid evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the development of effective and safe vaccines was of utmost importance to protect vulnerable individuals, including cancer patients. Studies comparing the clinical outcomes of cancer patients with or without vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not demonstrated clear benefit. We aimed to determine the protective effects of COVID-19 vaccination by comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated cancer patients after the initial phase of vaccine roll-out and to identify risk factors associated with hospitalization, severe COVID-19, and 30-day COVID-19 attributable mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Robust infection prevention and control (IPC) measures were deployed across health care institutions at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in increased use of personal protective equipment, enhanced contact precautions, and an emphasis on hand hygiene. Here, we evaluate the effect of enhanced IPC practices on the occurrence of various hospital-associated infections (HAIs) in a comprehensive cancer center.
Methods: From September 2016 through March 2022, we calculated the incidence rates (IRs) of HAIs for C.
Background: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health care settings endangers patients with cancer. As knowledge of the transmission of COVID-19 emerged, strategies for preventing nosocomial COVID-19 were updated. We describe our early experience with nosocomial respiratory viral infections (RVIs) at a cancer center in the first year of the pandemic (March 2020-March 2021).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To examine the association between primary care practitioner (physician and nurse) empathy and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This was a population-based prospective cohort study of 49 general practices in East Anglia (United Kingdom). The study population included 867 individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes who were followed up for an average of 10 years until December 31, 2014 in the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People With Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION)-Cambridge trial.
Background: Physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) are two key modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Achieving change in these behaviours is challenging and affected by many variables including psychosocial factors. We aimed to investigate the association between social support, stress and mood, and change in PA and FVI following provision of CVD risk information and web-based lifestyle advice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Population-based health registers are potential assets in epidemiological research; however, the quality of case ascertainment is crucial.
Objective: To compare the case ascertainment of dementia, from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register (CDR) with dementia diagnoses from six Swedish population based studies.
Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of dementia identification in NPR and CDR were estimated by individual record linkage with six Swedish population based studies (n = 19,035).
Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to investigate whether diabetes cases detected through screening have better health outcomes than clinically detected cases in a population-based cohort of adults who were eligible to be screened for diabetes at 10 year intervals.
Methods: The Västerbotten Intervention Programme is a community- and individual-based public health programme in Västerbotten County, Sweden. Residents are invited to clinical examinations that include screening for diabetes by OGTTs at age 30, 40, 50 and 60 years (individuals eligible for screening, n = 142,037).
Background: Promoting positive changes in lifestyle behavior in the whole population may be a feasible and effective approach to reducing type 2 diabetes burden, but the impact of population shifts of modifiable risk factors remains unclear. Currently most of the evidence on modifiable lifestyle behavior and type 2 diabetes risk on a population level comes from studies of between-individual differences. The objective of the study was to investigate the association and potential impact on disease burden for within-individual change in lifestyle behavior and diabetes risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Weight loss in individuals at high risk of diabetes is an effective prevention method and a major component of the currently prevailing diabetes prevention strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the public health potential for diabetes prevention of weight maintenance or moderate weight loss on a population level in an observational cohort with repeated measurements of weight and diabetes status.
Methods: Height, weight and diabetes status were objectively measured at baseline and 10 year follow-up in a population-based cohort of 33,184 participants aged 30-60 years between 1990 and 2013 in Västerbotten County, Sweden.
Background: Concerns have been raised that HPV-vaccination might affect women's cervical screening behavior. We therefore investigated the association between opportunistic HPV-vaccination and attendance after invitation to cervical screening.
Methods: A cohort of all women resident in Sweden, born 1977-1987 (N=629,703), and invited to cervical screening, was followed October 2006 - December 2012.
In this study, we explored the association between the personality traits, neuroticism and introversion, and risk of Parkinson disease (PD). A population-based cohort study was conducted using questionnaire data from the Swedish Twin Registry for twins born 1926-1958 (n > 29,000). Personality traits were assessed in 1973 by a short form of Eysenck's Personality Inventory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery dissection is an important cause of stroke, especially in young people. In some observational studies it has been associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke. Both antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulant drugs are used to reduce risk of stroke but whether one treatment strategy is more effective than the other is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, and environmental risk-factors such as occupation have attracted interest.
Objective: The goal was to investigate occupational complexity in relation to PD.
Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study based on the Swedish Twin Registry that included 28,778 twins born between 1886 and 1950.
Background: Familial aggregation has been shown for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) separately, and it has been hypothesized that these diseases also coaggregate in families.
Methods: The authors investigated familial coaggregation of AD and PD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed was searched for relevant studies published through the end of October 2012.
To investigate the contribution of shared familial risk to the co-occurrence of dementia and parkinsonism by studying familial co-aggregation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Using Swedish population-based registers we constructed two cohorts; a first-degree relative cohort of persons born 1932-1960 (n = 2,775,332) and a spouse cohort of persons born 1890-1960 (n = 4,736,006). Study persons were followed up between 1969 and 2009 in the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The epidemiological evidence on head injury and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been inconsistent.
Methods: We examined the relation between previous hospitalization for head injury and PD using a population-based nested case-control design based on the Swedish National Patient Register from 2001 until 2007, including 18,648 PD cases and 93,240 controls, randomly selected from the general population. Exposure was defined as hospitalization for head injury between 1987 and index date.
Background: Swedish population-based national health registers are widely used data sources in epidemiological research. Register-based diagnoses of Parkinson's disease have not been validated against clinical information.
Methods: Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian disorder diagnoses were ascertained in two registers, i.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that allow for allelic heterogeneity may facilitate the discovery of novel genes not detectable by models that require replication of a single variant site. One strategy to accomplish this is to focus on genes rather than markers as units of association, and so potentially capture a spectrum of causal alleles that differ across populations. Here, we conducted a GWAS of Alzheimer disease (AD) in 2,586 Swedes and performed gene-based meta-analysis with three additional studies from France, Canada, and the United States, in total encompassing 4,259 cases and 8,284 controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParkinsonism Relat Disord
November 2011
Background: Several occupations and occupational exposures have been investigated for associations with Parkinson's disease. Common findings are increased risk associated with pesticide exposure and no association between Parkinson's disease and welding.
Methods: We explored the association between a broad range of possible occupational risk factors and Parkinson's disease as well as Parkinson's disease plus other forms of Parkinsonism (referred to as Parkinsonian disorders), using prospectively collected data in the population-based Swedish Twin Registry.
With new treatments of inflammatory diseases targeting key inflammatory pathways follows an increased risk for infections. The aim of the present study was to identify an immunological readout where consecutive immunizations induce reproducible immune responses. Such a method could be used as a tool to assess drug-induced immunomodulation in individual patients by comparing responses to the immunizations before and after introduction of a specific treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF