Situational analysis of malaria in Cabo Verde: From endemic control to elimination, history, cases data and challenges ahead.

On 12 January 2024, Cabo Verde was officially certified by the WHO as a malaria-free country after six consecutive years without local transmission. This study analysed the malaria history of Cabo Verde from 1953 to certification in 2024, highlighted the valuable lessons learned, and discussed challenges for prevention reintroduction. Malaria data from the last 35 years (1988-2022) were analysed using descriptive analyses, and cases were mapped using the USGS National Map Viewer.

Strengthening adult mosquito surveillance in Africa for disease control: learning from the present.

Mosquito surveillance is essential to successfully control and eliminate mosquito-borne diseases. Yet, it is often done by numerous organizations with little collaboration, incomplete understanding of existing gaps, and limited long-term vision. There is a clear disconnect between entomological and epidemiological indices, with entomological data informing control efforts inadequately.

Factors related to human-vector contact that modify the likelihood of malaria transmission during a contained outbreak in Praia, Cabo Verde.

Background: Determining the reproductive rate and how it varies over time and space (R) provides important insight to understand transmission of a given disease and inform optimal strategies for controlling or eliminating it. Estimating R for malaria is difficult partly due to the widespread use of interventions and immunity to disease masking incident infections. A malaria outbreak in Praia, Cabo Verde in 2017 provided a unique opportunity to estimate R directly, providing a proxy for the intensity of vector-human contact and measure the impact of vector control measures.

People with disabilities in Cabo Verde, an unresolved issue: HIV prevalence, knowledge, attitudes and practices.

This article provides evidence about profile of persons with disabilities in Cabo Verde, their Knowledge, attitudes and practice and their bio-behavioural vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. The Cape verdian population was estimated to be 537,661 inhabitants in 2020, with an HIV prevalence of about 0.6% in the general population.

Updates on malaria epidemiology and profile in Cabo Verde from 2010 to 2019: the goal of elimination.

Background: Located in West Africa, Cabo Verde is an archipelago consisting of nine inhabited islands. Malaria has been endemic since the settlement of the islands during the sixteenth century and is poised to achieve malaria elimination in January 2021. The aim of this research is to characterize the trends in malaria cases from 2010 to 2019 in Cabo Verde as the country transitions from endemic transmission to elimination and prevention of reintroduction phases.

Indoor residual spraying for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa 1997 to 2017: an adjusted retrospective analysis.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a key tool for controlling and eliminating malaria by targeting vectors. To support the development of effective intervention strategies it is important to understand the impact of vector control tools on malaria incidence and on the spread of insecticide resistance. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that countries should report on coverage and impact of IRS, yet IRS coverage data are still sparse and unspecific.

The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Cape Verdean population in the context of malaria elimination.

Cabo Verde aims to eliminate malaria by 2020. In the country, Plasmodium falciparum had been the main parasite responsible for indigenous cases and primaquine is the first line treatment of cases and for radical cure. However, the lack of knowledge of the national prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may be one of the constraints to the malaria elimination process.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria in Cabo Verde: a country in the pre-elimination context.

Background: Malaria in Cape Verde is unstable, with a sporadic and seasonal transmission of low endemicity. In this sense, the community perceptions regarding malaria transmission, their attitudes and practices against the disease are very important to understand and to better develop the best strategical policies to achieve malaria elimination goal. This study aim to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Cape Verdean population about malaria, a country in the elimination step of disease.

Spatiotemporal characterisation and risk factor analysis of malaria outbreak in Cabo Verde in 2017.

Background: Cabo Verde is a country that has been in the pre-elimination stage of malaria since the year 2000. The country is still reporting cases, particularly in the capital of Praia, where more than 50% of the national population live. This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal epidemiological profile of malaria across the country during the 2017 outbreak and to analyse the risk factors, which may have influenced the trend in malaria cases.

Achievement of malaria pre-elimination in Cape Verde according to the data collected from 2010 to 2016.

Background: Malaria, despite being preventable and treatable, continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. The archipelago nation of Cape Verde is in a malaria pre-elimination phase with the highest potential to achieve the target goal of elimination in 2020.

Methods: Nationwide malaria epidemiological data were obtained from the Cape Verde health information system that includes the individual malaria case notification system from all of the country's health structures.