Identification of a new polymorphism on the wild-type canine distemper virus genome: could this contribute to vaccine failures?

The canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for a multisystem infectious disease with high prevalence in dogs and wild carnivores and has vaccination as the main control measure. However, recent studies show an increase in cases including vaccinated dogs in different parts of the world. There are several reasons for vaccine failures, including differences between vaccine strains and wild-type strains.

Hereditary myotonia in American Bulldog associated with a novel frameshift mutation in the CLCN1 gene.

Hereditary myotonia (HM) is a genetic disorder that occurs due to mutations in the chloride channel and results in delayed relaxation of the skeletal muscles. HM has been described in 12 dog breeds, and in five of them, molecular studies of this disorder were performed and mutations in the CLCN1 gene were described. In this study, an affected American Bulldog with HM clinically characterized by muscle hypertrophy, myotonic discharges, and nondystrophic myotonia with a "warm-up" phenomenon was evaluated, and the candidate canine CLCN1 gene was sequenced.

Assessment of serum enzymatic markers of cardiomyocytes injury in female dogs submitted to ketamine S(+), atropin and xylazine association.

Purpose: To assessment of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme fraction MB (CK-MB) serum activity in female dogs anesthetized with ketamine S (+), atropine and xylazine in several associations.

Methods: Twenty three healthy female dogs randomly distributed in four groups named as GI (n=6), GII (n=6), GIII (n=6) and GIV (n=5) were treated respectively with atropine and ketamine S(+) (0.04 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg); ketamine S(+) (10 mg/kg); atropine, xylazine and ketamine S(+) (0.