Effect of dietary Chinese herbal preparation on dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition, serum biochemistry, hematological profile, and reproductive efficiency of Holstein dairy cows in early postpartum period.

The present study investigated the effects of various inclusion levels of dietary Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) preparation on feed consumption, milk yield and milk composition, serum biochemistry, hematological profile, and reproductive efficiency of Holstein dairy cows. A total of 117 lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups as control ( = 27; without CHM supplementation) and treatment groups CHM-0.5 ( = 31), CHM-0.

Administration of melatonin prior to modified synchronization protocol improves the productive and reproductive efficiency of Chinese crossbred buffaloes in low breeding season.

Introduction: Melatonin is a neurohormone involving various biological processes, including restoration of cyclicity in animals with seasonal breeding patterns. The use of melatonin in different forms has gained broader acceptance in different species, particularly in summer anestrous buffaloes.

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the melatonin effect on the reproductive and productive performance of crossbred buffaloes during the low breeding season.

Administration of GnRH at day 20 of AI and embryonic losses in synchronized crossbred buffalo.

Introduction: Following the application of different artificial insemination and synchronization protocols, the synchronized buffaloes had a higher incidence of early embryonic or fetal death, thus impairing reproductive performance. Therefore, there is a need to devise a synchronizing program that can improve conception, allow early pregnancy diagnosis, reduce early embryonic losses, and provide an early clue for pregnancy diagnosis and establishment. The present study aimed (1) to determine the effect of administration of different GnRH doses at day 20 of artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive performance of buffaloes and (2) to observe the influence of synchronization protocol, parity, age, milk production, and body condition score (BCS) on early embryonic loss and progesterone (P4) levels in crossbred buffaloes.

Dietary Supplementation of Capsaicin Enhances Productive and Reproductive Efficiency of Chinese Crossbred Buffaloes in Low Breeding Season.

The present study investigated the role of dietary capsaicin (CPS) supplementation on milk yield (liters/head) and milk composition (total solids, lactose, albumin, protein, fat, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS), serum metabolites (lipoprotein esterase (LPL) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and reproductive physiology (follicular development, estrus response, ovulation and pregnancy) following synchronization during the low breeding season. One hundred (n = 100) crossbred buffaloes were randomly assigned to four dietary groups consisting of CPS supplementation dosages (0, 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg of total mixed ration; TMR) as CPS-0 (n = 26), CPS-2 (n = 22), CPS-4 (n = 25) and CPS-6 (n = 27), respectively, in a 30-day feed trial. The results revealed that the CPS-4 group of buffaloes had a better estrus rate (72%) along with improved (p < 0.

A symmetric prior knowledge based deep learning model for intracerebral hemorrhage lesion segmentation.

Accurate localization and classification of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lesions are of great significance for the treatment and prognosis of patients with ICH. The purpose of this study is to develop a symmetric prior knowledge based deep learning model to segment ICH lesions in computed tomography (CT). A novel symmetric Transformer network (Sym-TransNet) is designed to segment ICH lesions in CT images.

Follicular Dynamics during Estrous Cycle of Pubertal, Mature and Postpartum Crossbred (Nili Ravi × Jianghan) Buffaloes.

The follicular dynamics is used as a reliable indicator for reproductive management in livestock. However, the follicular dynamics (follicle wave emergence, estrus cycle length, diameter of dominant follicle, follicular growth and atretic phases) during the estrous cycle of crossbred (Nili Ravi-Jianghan) buffalo is still unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to observe the follicular dynamics in estrous cycle of crossbred buffaloes at different physiological stages (pubertal; n = 28, sexual mature; n = 22 and postpartum; n = 18).

Nutritional Modulation, Gut, and Omics Crosstalk in Ruminants.

Ruminant nutrition has significantly revolutionized a new and prodigious molecular approach in livestock sciences over the last decade. Wide-spectrum advances in DNA and RNA technologies and analysis have produced a wealth of data that have shifted the research threshold scheme to a more affluent level. Recently, the published literature has pointed out the nutrient roles in different cellular genomic alterations among different ruminant species, besides the interactions with other factors, such as age, type, and breed.

Effect of Different Synchronization Regimens on Reproductive Variables of Crossbred (Swamp × Riverine) Nulliparous and Multiparous Buffaloes during Peak and Low Breeding Seasons.

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of conventional the Ovsynch protocol (OVS) and a modified Ovsynch synchronization (GPGMH) protocol on the follicular dynamics, estrus, ovulation, and pregnancy in nulliparous and multiparous crossbred (swamp × riverine) buffaloes during different seasons. GPGMH or OVS protocols were used to synchronize nulliparous ( = 128; GPGMH = 94, OVS = 34) and multiparous ( = 154; GPGMH = 122, OVS = 32) buffaloes during the peak ( = 186; GPGMH = 143, OVS = 43) and low breeding ( = 96; GPGMH = 73, OVS = 23) seasons. Buffaloes were monitored for follicular dynamics, estrus response, ovulation, and pregnancy rates.

GPGMH, a New Fixed Timed-AI Synchronization Regimen for Swamp and River Crossbred Buffaloes .

The crossbreeding of Swamp and River type buffalo breeds is practiced for the improvement of milk yield and reproductive performance in swamp buffalo herds. This study aimed to modify the Ovsynch synchronization protocol (GPG) and improve the fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) for better reproductive performance of crossbred buffaloes. Comparison of four conventional synchronization protocols [pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin Fα-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (PmPG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin Fα-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GPG), prostaglandin Fα-gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin Fα-estradiol benzoate (PGPE), and progesterone-pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin Fα-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (PPmPG)] in crossbred buffaloes showed that the GPG protocol treated buffaloes displayed higher ( < 0.

Postpartum Uterine Involution and Embryonic Development Pattern in Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows.

Understanding the postpartum uterine involution pattern and embryonic development could facilitate bovine reproduction management, improve reproductive efficiency, and diagnosis of the reproductive disorder, which would contribute to the success of the dairy business. This study aimed to investigate postpartum uterine involution and embryonic developmental patterns or postconceptional marks of embryonic fetal development in Chinese Holstein dairy cows using B-mode ultrasonography. The results revealed a significant decline in the involution period with an increase of parity and age.

Adaptive Molecular Evolution of Gene for Positive Diversifying Selection in Mammals.

The V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (AKT3) gene is of the serine/threonine-protein kinase family and influences the production of milk fats and cholesterol by acting on the sterol administrative area restricting protein (SREBP). The AKT3 gene is highly preserved in animals, and during lactation in cattle, its expression increases. The AKT3 gene is expressed in the digestive system, mammary gland, and immune cells.

Ras induces chromosome instability and abrogation of the DNA damage response.

Ras mutations are frequent in thyroid tumors, the most common endocrine malignancy. The ability of Ras to transform thyroid cells is thought to rely on its mitogenic activity. Unexpectedly, acute expression of activated Ras in normal rat thyroid cells induced a DNA damage response, followed by apoptosis.

Ras triggers ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad-3-related activation and apoptosis through sustained mitogenic signaling.

Genetic evidence indicates that Ras plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of human thyroid tumors. Paradoxically, acute expression of activated Ras in normal rat thyroid cells induced deregulated cell cycle progression and apoptosis. We investigated whether cell cycle progression was required for Ras-stimulated apoptosis.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of the adiponectin (APM1) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes in Swedish caucasians.

Adiponectin (APM1) is an adipocyte-derived peptide. The APM1 gene is located on chromosome 3q27 and linked to type 2 diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the adiponectin level in plasma is decreased in comparison to healthy subjects.