T1 mapping from routine 3D T1-weighted inversion recovery sequences in clinical practice: comparison against reference inversion recovery fast field echo T1 scans and feasibility in multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Quantitative T1 mapping can be an essential tool for assessing tissue injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). We introduce T1-REQUIRE, a method that converts a single high-resolution anatomical 3D T1-weighted Turbo Field Echo (3DT1TFE) scan into a parametric T1 map that could be used for quantitative assessment of tissue damage. We present the accuracy and feasibility of this method in MS.

Extract of Chenopodium album lowers blood pressure in rats through endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation.

Objectives: To investigate the antihypertensive effect of crude extract of Chenopodium album (Ca.Cr), based on its medicinal use in hypertension.

Methods: Ca.

L. extract reverses hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and associated vascular dysfunction in rats.

L () belongs to the family . A preliminary study and its medicinal use suggested its role in the management of hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to assess the effect of methanolic root extract of in hyperlipidemia and associated vascular dysfunction.

Effectiveness of rituximab versus oral immunosuppressive therapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a racially diverse cohort of subjects: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder characterized by severe relapses and high level of disability. In clinical trials of NMOSD, Black patients are under-represented, < 12%, compared to a relatively high prevalence of NMSOD in this population, 10/100,000. Despite the higher prevalence of NMOSD in Black and Asian patients, there is limited knowledge of the effectiveness of disease modifying treatments across racially diverse groups.

Effectiveness of ocrelizumab on clinical and MRI outcome measures in multiple sclerosis across black and white cohorts: A single-center retrospective study.

Objective: To examine differences in the therapeutic response to ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who self-identified as either White or Black, assessed longitudinally by expanded disability status scale (EDSS) progression and MRI brain volume loss.

Methods: MS subjects treated with ocrelizumab were retrospectively identified. Clinical data were available for 229 subjects (White 146; Black 83) and MRI data from for 48 subjects (White 31; Black 17).

Long-term Efficacy of Satralizumab in AQP4-IgG-Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder From SAkuraSky and SAkuraStar.

Background And Objectives: Satralizumab, an interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor, reduced the risk of protocol-defined relapse (PDR) vs placebo in 2 independent, double-blind studies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). We assessed the long-term efficacy of satralizumab in patients with aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) NMOSD.

Methods: Following the double-blind periods of SAkuraSky (satralizumab + baseline immunosuppressive treatment [IST]) and SAkuraStar (satralizumab monotherapy), patients could enter the open-label extension (OLE, satralizumab 120 mg Q4W ± IST).

Analysis of the extent of limbic system changes in multiple sclerosis using FreeSurfer and voxel-based morphometry approaches.

Background And Purpose: The limbic brain is involved in diverse cognitive, emotional, and autonomic functions. Injury of the various parts of the limbic system have been correlated with clinical deficits in MS. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine different regions of the subcortical limbic system to assess the extent of damage within this entire system as it may be pertinent in correlating with specific aspects of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in MS by using a fully automated, unbiased segmentation approach.

Investigation into the Antihypertensive Effects of Diosmetin and Its Underlying Vascular Mechanisms Using Rat Model.

Objective: Diosmetin is a flavonoid that is found in many important medicinal plants that have antihypertensive therapeutic potential. Diosmetin has been shown to have antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which suggests that it could be a potential candidate for use in antihypertensive therapy.

Methods: In vivo and in vitro methods were used for our investigation into the antihypertensive effects of diosmetin.

Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Cerebellar Tremor Compared to Non-Cerebellar Tremor Using a Wearable Device in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report.

Tremor of the upper extremity is a significant cause of disability in some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The MS tremor is complex because it contains an ataxic intentional tremor component due to the involvement of the cerebellum and cerebellar outflow pathways by MS plaques, which makes the MS tremor, in general, less responsive to medications or deep brain stimulation (DBS) than those associated with essential tremor or Parkinson's disease. The cerebellar component has been thought to be the main reason for making DBS less effective, although it is not clear whether it is due to the lack of suppression of the ataxic tremor by DBS or else.

P038 Ozanimod First-Dose Cardiac Effects in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis and Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Ozanimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that selectively targets S1P1 and S1P5, is approved in the US for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and in multiple countries for treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In a Phase 1 study of ozanimod in healthy participants, first-dose cardiac effects were mitigated with gradual dose escalation. Based on these results, an initial 7-day ozanimod dose escalation regimen was implemented in all Phase 2 and 3 UC and MS trials.

Mechanisms underlying the wound healing and tissue regeneration properties of .

In the current study, aerial parts (leaves, stem and shoots) of were extracted with methanol and subjected to phytochemical and HPLC analysis. Agar well diffusion method was used for anti-bacterial activity against Gram-negative strains , , , and Gram-positive , Methicillin-resistant . Burn was induced through flame heated metal rod on mice.

COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients and risk factors for severe infection.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been considered a higher-risk population for COVID-19 due to the high prevalence of disability and disease-modifying therapy use; however, there is little data identifying clinical characteristics of MS associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study looking at the outcomes of 40 MS patients with confirmed COVID-19. Severity of COVID-19 infection was based on hospital course, where a mild course was defined as the patient not requiring hospital admission, moderate severity was defined as the patient requiring hospital admission to the general floor, and most severe was defined as requiring intensive care unit admission and/or death.

cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of (Roxb) bark.

Background: The study was focused on evaluating cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of (Roxb.) bark through pharmacological screening.

Materials And Methods: The bark was extracted using different solvents, for example, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous for obtaining the organic fractions.

Repopulation of T, B, and NK cells following alemtuzumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To characterize long-term repopulation of peripheral immune cells following alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), with a focus on regulatory cell types, and to explore associations with clinical outcome measures.

Methods: The project was designed as a multicenter add-on longitudinal mechanistic study for RRMS patients enrolled in CARE-MS II, CARE-MS II extension at the University of Southern California and Stanford University, and an investigator-initiated study conducted at the Universities of British Columbia and Chicago. Methods involved collection of blood at baseline, prior to alemtuzumab administration, and at months 5, 11, 17, 23, 36, and 48 post-treatment.

Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Meningoencephalitis-Associated Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Radiculitis.

The most common ocular complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is acute retinal necrosis. We present a rare case of a patient with HSV-2 meningoencephalitis that developed severe vision-threatening optic neuritis. The patient was treated with steroids and IVIG, which allowed a rapid improvement in her vision.

Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis despite clinical and lesion stability during natalizumab treatment.

Background: Brain volume loss is an important surrogate marker for assessing disability in MS; however, contribution of gray and white matter to the whole brain volume loss needs further examination in the context of specific MS treatment.

Objectives: To examine whole and segmented gray, white, thalamic, and corpus callosum volume loss in stable patients receiving natalizumab for 2-5 years.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 20 patients undergoing treatment with natalizumab for 24-68 months.

Reduction in ocrelizumab-induced infusion reactions by a modified premedication protocol.

Background: Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20+ B cells that is approved for MS. The most common side effect is infusion-associated reactions (IARs). This study examines whether a modified premedication protocol reduces incidence of IARs and further examines predictors of IARs.

A 24-month advanced magnetic resonance imaging study of multiple sclerosis patients treated with alemtuzumab.

Background: Tissue damage in both multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) are important contributors to disability and progression. Specific aspects of MS pathology can be measured using advanced imaging. Alemtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting CD52 developed for MS treatment.

Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated epilepsy.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated encephalitis causes both acute seizures and chronic epilepsy with predominantly temporal lobe onset. This condition is challenging in diagnosis and management, and the incidence of GAD antibody (Ab)-related epilepsy could be much higher than commonly believed. Imaging and CSF evidence of inflammation along with typical clinical presentations, such as adult onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with unexplained etiology, should prompt testing for the diagnostic antibodies.

Long-term safety of rituximab induced peripheral B-cell depletion in autoimmune neurological diseases.

Background: B-cells play a pivotal role in several autoimmune diseases, including patients with immune-mediated neurological disorders (PIMND), such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis (MS), and myasthenia gravis (MG). Targeting B-cells has been an effective approach in ameliorating both central and peripheral autoimmune diseases. However, there is a paucity of literature on the safety of continuous B-cell depletion over a long period of time.

High resolution retinal scanning reveals regional structural differences between MS and NMOSD optic neuritis regardless of antibody status.

Background: There is a need for biomarkers that can classify optic neuritis (ON) attacks as belonging to either neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis (MS-ON). This study uses spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) data to perform a preliminary contrast between NMOSD-ON and MS-ON by analyzing peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and intra-macular layer patterns of injury.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used SD-OCT to obtain peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and intra-macular layer data for 26 NMOSD-ON, 25 MS-ON, and 26 healthy control (HC) age-matched eyes.

Correction: Natalizumab stabilizes physical, cognitive, MRI, and OCT markers of disease activity: A prospective, non-randomized pilot study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Natalizumab stabilizes physical, cognitive, MRI, and OCT markers of disease activity: A prospective, non-randomized pilot study.

Natalizumab is an effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in several clinical and imaging studies. The objective of this study was to further demonstrate the efficacy of natalizumab using a comprehensive battery of clinical and imaging markers in the same cohort of patients followed longitudinally, hence capturing the multi-faceted nature of the MS disease process.