Compact organ-tissue electrophoresis system (CORES).

Electrophoretic tissue clearing has been a commonly used laboratory method since the early twentieth century. Infrastructure for standard procedures has yet to be formed. In particular, control of the heat produced by electrophoresis, the voltage applied to the electrodes, the resistance, and the speed of liquid circulation create difficulty for researchers.

The mesocortical dopaminergic system cannot explain hyperactivity in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with morphological brain abnormalities. There is a growing body of evidence that abnormalities in the dopaminergic system may account for ADHD pathogenesis. However, it is not clear whether the dopaminergic system is hyper or hypoactive.

Microsurgical and Tractographic Anatomical Study of Transtemporal-Transchoroidal Fissure Approaches to the Ambient Cistern.

Background: Approaching ambient cistern lesions is still a challenge because of deep location and related white matter tracts (WMTs) and neural structures.

Objective: To investigate the white matter anatomy in the course of 3 types of transtemporal-transchoroidal fissure approaches (TTcFA) to ambient cistern by using fiber dissection technique with translumination and magnetic resonance imaging fiber tractography.

Methods: Eight formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were dissected on surgical corridor from the temporal cortex to the ambient cistern by using Klingler's method.

Subdural Hematoma Evacuation via Rigid Endoscopy System: A Cadaveric Study.

The utilization of endoscope-assisted surgery is becoming a more common modality for the surgical treatment of subdural collections. Considering the inflexible construction of the rigid endoscope, it's not clear where to perform the optimal craniotomy. Twenty four craniotomies (3 cm diameter) were performed in 8 hemicrania.

Protective effects of vitamin E on aluminium sulphate-induced testicular damage.

Male infertility can be caused by environmental factors, genetic defects, physiological and endocrine deficiencies and testicular pathologies. Aluminium (Al) can cause male infertility through a number of mechanisms. The aim of our study was thus to determine whether vitamin E (VitE) has protective effects on Al-induced testicular damage, which was determined according to sperm counts and morphology and using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

Effects of endovenous laser ablation on vascular tissue: molecular genetics approach.

Background: Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a treatment option for lower extremity varicose veins. In the present study, we investigate to the genetic changes and possibility of living tissue in the saphenous vein wall after the EVLA procedure.

Methods: Eleven saphenous vein grafts were randomized in two groups: (1) 4 cm SVG segments of performed EVLA procedure in study group, (2) 4 cm segments of SVG none performed EVLA procedure in control group.

The effects of grape seed on apoptosis-related gene expression and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Emerging evidences indicate that many mechanistic pathways including apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to show the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Grape seed extract has superior beneficial effects than vitamin E on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

We aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin E (Vit E) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In Control, Diabetic, and Diabetic treated with GSE (Diabetic+GSE) and vitamin E (Diabetic+Vit E) groups, oxidative stress index (OSI), TUNEL staining and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene expressions were evaluated. OSI was significantly increased in the plasma and hippocampus of the Diabetic compared to Control group and decreased in Diabetic+GSE and Diabetic+Vit E groups compared to Diabetic.

Estimation of stature and sex from sternal lengths: an autopsy study.

The aim of this study was to derive regression equations for estimating stature and further to estimate sex from four measured sternal lengths. This study included intact sterna from 65 males and 30 females, aged between 25 and 40 years, obtained during medico-legal autopsies. Stature and four sternal lengths, length of the manubrium (LM), length of the body (LB), length of the manubrium and body (LMB) and total sternal length, of each cadaver were measured.

Effect of testosterone propionate on hippocampal pyramidal neuron number in female rats.

Introduction: The hippocampus is an important region of the brain that regulates cognitive and emotional functions. In this study, we examined the impact of perinatal administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampi of female rats.

Methods: Five groups of rats were used in this study.

Sulfite leads to neuron loss in the hippocampus of both normal and SOX-deficient rats.

Sulfites are compounds commonly used as preservatives in foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals. Sulfite is also endogenously generated during the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and drugs. It has been shown that sulfite is a highly toxic molecule.

The first case of Horn Kolb Syndrome in Turkey, diagnosed prenatally at the 23(rd) week of a pregnancy: A very rare and unusual case far from the original geography.

Background: The aim of this report was to evaluate and announce the first documented appearance of Horn Kolb syndrome in Turkey.

Case Report: Acheiropodia (Horn Kolb Syndrome) is the bilateral congenital amputation of the distal parts of the 4 extremities. It is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder.

First trimester diagnosis of parapagus diprosopus dibrachius dipus twins with cranirachischisis totalis by three-dimensional ultrasound.

Parapagus (laterally fused), diprosopus (two faces), dibrachius (two upper extremities), dipus (two lower extremities) conjoined twinning is extremely rare. The coexistence of anencephaly with a contiguous spinal defect (craniorachischisis totalis) makes the present case one of the rarest of the published cases. In our case, it was difficult to make the final diagnosis by two-dimensional abdominal and vaginal ultrasound.

Hippocampal neuron loss due to electric injury in rats: a stereological study.

Electric injury may cause different changes from minimal damage (e.g. small burns) to severe complications up to death.

Penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats: dose-dependant effect on hippocampal volume and neuron number.

This study was designed to evaluate the penicillin-induced epilepsy model in terms of dose-response relationship of penicillin used to induce epilepsy seizure on hippocampal neuron number and hippocampal volume in Sprague-Dawley rats. Seizures were induced with 300, 500, 1500 and 2000IU of penicillin-G injected intracortically in rats divided in four experimental groups, respectively. Control group was injected intracortically with saline.

Increased tunel positive cells in CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields of rat hippocampus due to copper and ethanol co-exposure.

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for life. However, it is toxic at excessive doses, whereas exposure to ethanol (EtOH) has known to cause morphological changes, degeneration, and neuronal loss in central nervous system. A previous investigation by the authors' group showed that Cu and EtOH co-treatment cause severe hippocampal neuronal loss in CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields of rat hippocampus.

Describing normal variations of head and face by using standard measurement and craniofacial variability index (CVI) in seven-year-old normal children.

To define the line separating normal from abnormal craniofacial appearance is complex and difficult because there are many craniofacial measurement parameters, and there are also many factors that influence the craniofacial morphology, such as genetics and environmental influence. The aim of this study is to define the range of normal distribution of craniofacial morphology by using different numerical methods in seven-year-old students in Denizli, Turkey. For this purpose, height, weight and 20 defined craniofacial parameters (including face height, face width, face depth, eyes, nose, ear, mouth and head) of 61 female and 58 male (119 total) normal cases were measured.

Effect of penicillin G-induced epileptic seizures on hemorheological parameters in rats.

Normally, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is quantitatively coupled to cerebral metabolic rate like other tissues and maintained basically by altering vascular geometry and appropriate perfusion pressure. However, the rheological properties of the blood are important factors for effective tissue perfusion. Although a lot of studies have reported that hemorheological parameters are affected by a wide range of pathophysiological conditions, to our knowledge no research related to the effects of epileptic seizures on hemorheological parameters has been carried out.

Effects of second generation tetracyclines on penicillin-epilepsy-induced hippocampal neuronal loss and motor incoordination in rats.

Epileptic seizures cause pathological changes such as sclerosis and pyramidal neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Experimentally, epilepsy can be induced by application of various chemicals directly to the cerebral cortex. In this study, epilepsy was induced in rats by intracortical application of 500 IU penicillin G, and the effect of minocycline and doxycycline on the resulting motor incoordination (rotarod) and hippocampal neuronal loss in CA1, CA2 and CA3 fields (optical fractionator method) were investigated.

Granule cell apoptosis induced by overdose copper and ethanol is counterbalanced by co-induced cellular proliferation in rat dentate gyrus.

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, however, is toxic at excessive doses, whereas exposure to ethanol (EtOH) has been known to cause morphological changes, degeneration and neuronal loss in central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the effect of overdose co-exposure to Cu and EtOH on dentate gyrus was investigated in rats. Analysis of apoptotic cell death on the basis of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed that the rate of apoptosis was increased by 1.

Effect of copper overload together with ethanol uptake on hippocampal neurons.

Copper is an essential trace element which forms an integral component of many enzymes. While trace amounts of copper are needed to sustain life, excess copper is extremely toxic in the brain. Also, ethanol intake causes morphological changes in the brain.