High glucose induces DNA methyltransferase 1 dependent epigenetic reprogramming of the endothelial exosome proteome in type 2 diabetes.

In response to hyperglycemia, endothelial cells (ECs) release exosomes with altered protein content and contribute to paracrine signalling, subsequently leading to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). High glucose reprograms DNA methylation patterns in various cell/tissue types, including ECs, resulting in pathologically relevant changes in cellular and extracellular proteome. However, DNA methylation-based proteome reprogramming in endothelial exosomes and associated pathological implications in T2D are not known.

Efficacy of intrauterine autologous blood cell derivatives in enhancing endometrial thickness and IVF outcomes for women with recurrent implantation failure: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intrauterine infusion of autologous blood cell derivative (ABCD) on endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcomes in a group of patients who underwent IVF with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and who had either a normal endometrium or thin endometrium.

Methods: This retrospective study included 63 patients who experienced RIF at the Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, KMC, Manipal, between January 2021 and March 2024 and who received three doses of intrauterine ABCD infusion to prepare the endometrium for frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Results: We enrolled 63 RIF patients, 30 with a normal endometrium (NEM) and 33 with a thin endometrium (TEM).

TVS-guided cervical strain elastography is more effective than measuring cervical length as an independent predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery in asymptomatic, high-risk women during the mid-trimester.

Introduction: TVS (Transvaginal Sonography) guided Cervical strain elastography (CSE) is now available in tertiary referral centers of LMICs (Low- and Middle-Income Countries). TVS cervical length (CL) assessment is being used routinely. Still, elastography is not used in clinical settings, although enough evidence suggests good predictive value towards sPTD (spontaneous Preterm Delivery).

A clinical alert: Oral glucose tolerance test triggering diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common medical disorder of pregnancy. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication that may affect both maternal and perinatal wellbeing adversely. It is rare, most often involving women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, but occasionally can be seen in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Intrauterine Administration of Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Concentrate (aka Autologous Blood Cell Derivative) Improves the Endometrial Thickness in 'Thin' Endometrium in the Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle.

Context: Thin endometrium during the frozen embryo transfer cycles leads to cycle cancellation. The embryo transfer cycle getting deferred is an unpleasant experience for the patients and the fertility specialist.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Autologous Blood Cell Derivative (ABCD) growth factor concentrate to obtain an optimal thickness of endometrium for embryo transfer during IVF treatments, where rapid regeneration is crucial for the expected therapeutic outcome.

Random Start Ovarian Stimulation.

Fertility preservation is emerging in recent years as an important option for various indications many of which being for cancer patients and for certain benign conditions as well. In the present case report, we set out to utilise the same protocol, however, for different indications.

Crossing the Hurdle of a Low Oocyte Yield in an Fertilization Cycle to Obtain Mature Oocytes.

The complex process of oocyte maturation involves a coordinated set of events to take place so that an adequate number of oocytes can be obtained during an oocyte pickup procedure following controlled ovarian stimulation. A weak link in any of the steps can yield a sparse number of oocytes which can be a setback in the process.

Sperm characteristics in normal and abnormal ejaculates are differently influenced by the length of ejaculatory abstinence.

Background: No association between the length of ejaculatory abstinence (LEA) and semen characteristics has been confirmed. A short LEA has been linked to improved sperm characteristics and a higher pregnancy rate, but its negative influence on sperm chromatin maturity and longevity may adversely affect reproductive outcomes.

Objectives: We sought to determine the influence of LEA on (i) semen parameters in normozoospermic and abnormal ejaculates; and (ii) the outcomes of sperm-preparation methods in a large number of subfertile men undergoing infertility workups.

Extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing metabolic memory in type 2 diabetes.

Direct and indirect influence of pathological conditions in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) on vasculature manifests in micro and/or macro vascular complications that act as a major source of morbidity and mortality. Although preventive therapies exist to control hyperglycemia, diabetic subjects are always at risk to accrue vascular complications. One of the hypotheses explained is 'glycemic' or 'metabolic' memory, a process of permanent epigenetic change in different cell types whereby diabetes associated vascular complications continue despite glycemic control by antidiabetic drugs.

Clear cell variant, urothelial carcinoma of ureter: A rare entity.

Clear cell variants of transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract is extremely rare. Although clear cell of urinary bladder has been reported, its occurrence in the upper tract has not been reported readily in literature. We present a case of 77 year old female who was suspected with TCC of the ureter, but was found to have clear cell variant on histology post radical nephroureterectomy.

Fetal Adrenal Gland Volume a Novel Predictor of Onset of Labor.

Introduction: There is a definite need to find a highly sensitive and specific, noninvasive, and cost-effective marker for prediction of preterm labor. We hypothesize that a measurement of adrenal gland volume can predict a preterm as well as a term labor.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight pregnant women were enrolled in the study at 28-34 weeks' antenatal visit.

What does fetal autopsy unmask in oligohydramnios?

Objective: We aimed to determine the value of autopsy in fetuses with antenatally diagnosed oligohydramnios.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated all fetal losses over a period of 6.5 years.

Twin pregnancy with Hydatidiform Mole and Co-existent Live Fetus: Lessons Learnt.

This is a case report of a twin pregnancy with one fetus and a coexistent mole diagnosed at 13 weeks. After thorough counseling, the pregnancy was continued as per the patient's desire. The pregnancy was closely monitored with serial S β hCG, ultrasound for fetal growth, size of molar sac, and theca lutein cysts, which gradually decreased in size during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Clinical utility of fetal autopsy and its impact on genetic counseling.

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the utility of fetal autopsy in terms of its contribution to establishing a definitive diagnosis and its impact on genetic counseling.

Subjects And Methods: Detailed fetal autopsy was carried out in fetuses referred for examination. Clinical utility of fetal autopsy and its impact on counseling were measured by adapting previously published parameters.

Predictive value of middle cerebral artery to uterine artery pulsatility index ratio in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Aims and Objectives. (i) To determine the predictive value of cerebrouterine (CU) ratio (middle cerebral artery to uterine artery pulsatility index, MCA/UT PI) in assessing perinatal outcome among hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. (ii) To compare between CU ratio and CP ratio (MCA/Umbilical artery PI) as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome.

Fallopian tube choriocarcinoma presenting as ovarian tumour: a case report.

Choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease. It can be gestational or non gestational choriocarcinoma, based on the origin. Fallopian tube choriocarcinoma has been reported commonly after ectopic pregnancy.

Fetal Head Position during the First Stage of Labor: Comparison between Vaginal Examination and Transabdominal Ultrasound.

Introduction. Recent evidence indicates that clinical examination, for determination of fetal head position, is subjective and inaccurate. Present study was aimed to compare transabdominal ultrasound for fetal head position with vaginal examination during first stage of labor.

Correlation of fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness by ultrasound to predict birth weight.

Introduction: Fetal growth abnormality is associated with changes in the soft tissue mass, which is decreased in growth restricted fetuses and increased in macrosomia.

Objective: To correlate fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness (FASTT) measured by ultrasound at term and birth weight and to obtain a cut-off value of FASTT to predict large and small for gestational age babies in our population.

Methods: FASTT was measured at the anterior 1/3(rd) of abdominal circumference by ultrasound after 36 weeks and weight of the baby measured after birth.

Blunt abdominal trauma with transanal small bowel evisceration.

Small bowel evisceration through the anus can occur spontaneously or post traumatically. Traumatic transanal small bowel evisceration results from iatrogenic injuries, suction injuries, and blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). We report a 48-year-old female who presented with evisceration of small intestinal loops through the anus following BAT and discuss the etiologies and mechanisms of injury of this rare presentation.

Placental Teratoma Presenting as a Lobulated Mass behind the Neck of Fetus: A Case Report.

Placental teratoma is a rare nontrophoblastic benign tumour, which is thought to arise from germ cells. These tumours contain elements derived from multiple germ cell layers. We report a case of teratoma, where on ultrasound; there were two echogenic masses of 4 cm × 5 cm and 3 cm × 4 cm, arising from the placenta.

A 31-year-old female with fever and back pain.

Primary pyomyositis is a suppurative infection of striated muscle, the diagnosis of which is overlooked or delayed due to its rarity and vague clinical presentation. Though rare in the United States and temperate zones, pyomyositis is more frequently reported from tropical countries. The exact pathogenesis of pyomyositis is uncertain in most cases.