Severe Social Anxiety Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Lockdown.

To study the prevalence of severe social anxiety (SSA) among a group of adolescents during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 178 adolescents attending the private clinics of the authors were screened online for the presence of SSA, by using the self-reporting format of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents (LSAS-CA). SSA defined as LSAS-CA scores of 80 or more was checked for statistical association with the adolescents' sociodemographic data and knowledge about the COVID-19 infection.

Xanthophylls and eye health of infants and adults.

Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids present in the eye. They cannot be synthesized de novo and are specifically concentrated in the macula. They appear to have at least two major functions: to filter out blue light and thus prevent ensuing damages to the eye and to act as antioxidants.

Effects of a prethickened formula on esophageal pH and gastric emptying of infants with GER.

Objective(s): Advantages of prethickened formulas (AR) with regards to esophageal pH and gastric emptying were investigated in this study as compared with a regular formula (R).

Study Design: Seventy-four healthy infants, <6 months old, with gastroesophageal reflux were enrolled into the study. All infants underwent 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring while receiving R and AR, alternately.

Estimate of specific energy expenditure of fat-free mass and fat mass in children receiving total parenteral nutrition.

Objectives: Simple methods for calculation of the energy expenditure may be useful for clinicians involved in the treatment of nutritional disorders in children. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the specific energy expenditure (SEE) of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) and (2) determine a sensitive predictive indicator of resting energy expenditure (REE).

Methods: The REE of 26 children receiving longterm TPN, was measured by long-term indirect calorimetry.

Irritable bowel syndrome and nonspecific diarrhea in infancy and childhood--relationship with juice carbohydrate malabsorption.

Lactose intolerance and malabsorbed carbohydrate present in some fruitjuice may trigger symptoms commonly seen in irritable bowel syndrome. In a two-site study, 28 subjects 9 months to 18 years old (mean 6.9 +/- 5.