Work hours and the risk of hypertension: the case of Indonesia.

Background: Individuals working excessive hours is a worldwide phenomenon. In Indonesia, over 32 million people work more than 40 h per week, contributing to around 26% of the workforce. Excessive working may affect health, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia.

Background: Stunting is associated with adverse outcomes in adulthood. This article specifically aims to analyse the relationship between childhood stunting and education as well as cognitive outcomes for adults in Indonesia.

Methods: Pooled data from wave one (1) and two (2) of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 1993 and 1997 identified a sub-sample of 4,379 children aged 0-5 by their height-for-age (HAZ) to be compared for their differences in educational outcomes and cognitive abilities in 2014.

Costs and scale-up costs of community-based Oral HIV Self-Testing for female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia.

Background: The proportion of individuals who know their HIV status in Indonesia (66% in 2021) still remains far below the first 95% of UNAIDS 2030 target and were much lower in certain Key Populations (KPs) particularly Female Sex Workers (FSW) and Male having Sex with Male (MSM). Indonesia has implemented Oral HIV Self-testing (oral HIVST) through Community-based screening (HIV CBS) in addition to other testing modalities aimed at hard-to-reach KPs, but the implementation cost is still not analysed. This study provides the cost and scale up cost estimation of HIV CBS in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia.

Cost of implementing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis at community-based clinics in Indonesia.

Introduction: Currently, Indonesia still has one of the highest rates of new HIV/AIDS infections among countries in Asia and the Pacific region. The WHO has recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an additional HIV epidemic prevention step, which has been applied globally and related to the reduction in the number of HIV cases. However, information on the cost of implementing PrEP is rarely available in developing countries, especially in Southeast Asia.

Breastfeeding and infant care as 'sexed' care work: reconsideration of the three Rs to enable women's rights, economic empowerment, nutrition and health.

Women's lifelong health and nutrition status is intricately related to their reproductive history, including the number and spacing of their pregnancies and births, and for how long and how intensively they breastfeed their children. In turn, women's reproductive biology is closely linked to their social roles and situation, including regarding economic disadvantage and disproportionate unpaid work. , as well as and women's care and domestic work (known as the 'Three Rs'), is an established framework for addressing women's inequitable unpaid care work.

The financial need of feeding infants for the first six months of life in West Java Province of Indonesia and the implications of socioeconomic and mental health factors.

Background: In Indonesia, nearly half of all children aged less than six months were not exclusively breastfed in 2017. This study aimed to compare the cost of providing direct or indirect exclusive breastfeeding 0-6 months, partial exclusive breastfeeding and commercial milk formula only. This study also assessed the maternal socioeconomic and mental health factors to providing exclusive breastfeeding.

Cost of improved test and treat strategies in Indonesia.

Objective: To estimate and compare the cost of improved test and treat strategies in Indonesia under HIV Awal (Early) Testing and Treatment Indonesia (HATI) implementation trial in community-based and hospital-based clinics.

Design: The cost and outcome [i.e.

The cost of providing hospital-based (early) antiretroviral treatment in Indonesia: what has changed in almost a decade?

17% of all people living with HIV in Indonesia who are in need of antiretroviral treatment (ART) actually receive the treatment. The cost of ART based on three CD4 cell count groups (e.g.

Factors Affecting Payment Compliance of the Indonesia National Health Insurance Participants.

Background: The study aims to explore factors that affect the compliance of Indonesia National Health Insurance (INHI) in paying the premiums.

Methods: The study design was qualitative with grounded theory research approach and constructivism paradigm. The study was conducted in 2018 and carried out for 3 months.

Costs of providing hospital-based psychotic disorder treatment in Indonesia.

Background: Mental illness prevalence is increasing globally and has caused a significant economic burden. However, information from developing countries regarding this issue is still limited.

Aims: To estimate the cost of treating psychotic disorders in outpatient and inpatient wards in a provincial referral mental health hospital in West Java province, Indonesia.

The financing need of equitable provision of paid maternal leave in the informal sector in Indonesia: a comparison of estimation methods.

Background: Providing an enabling environment for breastfeeding is hampered by the inequitable implementation of paid maternity leave, primarily due to perceived or actual financial costs. To estimate the real cost of paid maternity leave requires using reliable methods. We compared methods utilized in two recent studies in Indonesia.

The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia.

Background: The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5-9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia.

Depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms on health care personnel at a month after COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia.

Background: Health care personnel (HCP) who demonstrated close contact with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients might experience a higher risk of infection and psychological problems. This study aims to explore depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms among HCP with a higher risk for psychological trauma.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from an online assessment, which was conducted 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Does your neighborhood protect you from being depressed? A study on social trust and depression in Indonesia.

Background: Prevalence of depression in Indonesia is estimated at about 3.7% of the total population, although the actual may be higher. Studies worldwide have linked the environment where people live to their mental health status.

Prioritizing HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in Bandung, Indonesia: A cost analysis of three different HIV/AIDS interventions.

Background: Indonesia has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia, which mainly concentrates within risk groups. Several strategies are available to combat this epidemic, like outreach to Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and transgender, Harm Reduction Community Meetings (HRCMs) for Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), and Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programs at Maternal & Child Health Posts (MCHPs). Reliable cost data are currently not present, hampering HIV/AIDS priority setting.

The financing need for expanded maternity protection in Indonesia.

Background: Almost half of all Indonesian children under 6 months of age were not exclusive breastfed in 2017. Optimizing maternity protection programs may result in increased breastfeeding rates. This study aims to: estimate the potential cost implications of optimizing the current paid maternity protection program, estimate budgets needed to increase coverage of lactation rooms in mid and large firms, and explore challenges in its implementation in Indonesia.

The annual cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia: the economic burden of treating diarrhea and respiratory disease among children (< 24mo) due to not breastfeeding according to recommendation.

Background: In Indonesia, 96% of children (< 24mo) are breastfed. However, only 42% of children (< 6mo) are exclusively breastfed, as per World Health Organization recommendations. Breastfeeding provides protective benefits such as reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea and pneumonia/respiratory disease (PRD).

Translating international HIV treatment guidelines into local priorities in Indonesia.

Objective: International guidelines recommend countries to expand antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected individuals and establish local-level priorities in relation to other treatment, prevention and mitigation interventions through fair processes. However, no practical guidance is provided for such priority-setting processes. Evidence-informed deliberative processes (EDPs) fill this gap and combine stakeholder deliberation to incorporate relevant social values with rational decision-making informed by evidence on these values.

Comparative Cost Analysis of Four Interventions to Prevent HIV Transmission in Bandung, Indonesia.

Background: the costs of HIV/AIDS interventions in Indonesia are largely unknown. Knowing these costs is an important input for policy makers in the decision-making of setting priorities among HIV/AIDS interventions. The aim of this analysis is to determine the costs of four HIV/AIDS interventions in Bandung, Indonesia in 2015, to inform the local AIDS commission.

Feasibility study of strengthening the public-private partnership for tuberculosis case detection in Bandung City, Indonesia.

Objective: Private practitioner's (PPs) collaboration for detection, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is recommended by the World Health Organization and encouraged by the Indonesian National TB control programme. TB case management by PPs, however, are mostly not in line with current guidelines. Therefore, we developed an intervention package for PPs comprising of TB training, implementation of a mobile phone application for notification of TB cases and a 6-month regular follow-up with PPs.

HIV Patients Drop Out in Indonesia: Associated Factors and Potential Productivity Loss.

Aim: this study reported various factors associated with a higher probability of HIV patients drop out, and potential productivity loss due to HIV patients drop out.

Methods: we analyzed data of 658 HIV patients from a database in a main referral hospital in Bandung city, West Java, Indonesia from 2007 to 2013. First, we utilized probit regression analysis and included, among others, the following variables: patients' status (active or drop out), CD4 cell count, TB and opportunistic infection (OI), work status, sex, history of injecting drugs, and support from family and peers.

The cost of not breastfeeding in Southeast Asia.

Rates of exclusive breastfeeding are slowly increasing, but remain suboptimal globally despite the health and economic benefits. This study estimates the costs of not breastfeeding across seven countries in Southeast Asia and presents a cost-benefit analysis of a modeled comprehensive breastfeeding strategy in Viet Nam, based on a large programme. There have been very few such studies previously for low- and middle-income countries.