Performance of Point-of-Care Testing Compared with the Standard Laboratory Diagnostic Test in the Measurement of HbA1c in Indonesian Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects.

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating if point-of-care testing for HbA1c (POCT-HbA1c) using the HemoCue® HbA1c 501 system could be an alternative method for diabetes screening and monitoring to replace the HbA1c measurement in a standard diagnostic laboratory.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study to assess the agreement between POCT and a standard laboratory measurement method for determining the level of HbA1c. .

Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide. This metabolic disease is indicated by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production by the pancreas. An inflammatory response occurs as a result of the immune response to high blood glucose levels as well as the presence of inflammatory mediators produced by adipocytes and macrophages in fat tissue.

Fcγ receptor III expression and morphological maturity on neutrophil are associated with higher iron level of major beta-thalassemia.

Lifetime blood transfusion experienced by major β-thalassemia patients complicated with iron overload, therefore, may lead to their tissue injury. Ultimately, free toxic iron may alter immune response via dysregulation of immune cell activity producing prolonged effector reaction. Neutrophil as one of the vital innate immune cell despite serves as the first line of defense resulting acute inflammation has a pivotal role in chronic inflammation while releasing the toxic substance that interferes biological processes.