Delineation of the Structural Elements of Oriental Liver Fluke PLA2 Isoforms for Potent Drug Designing.

Clonorchis sinensis or the Chinese liver fluke is one of the most prevalent parasites affecting a major population in the oriental countries. The parasite lacks lipid generating mechanisms but is exposed to fatty acid rich bile in the liver. A secretory phospholipase A2, an enzyme that breaks down complex lipids, is important for the growth of the parasite.

Transversus abdominis plane block as the primary anesthetic for laparotomy.

Elderly patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The risks and side-effects associated with intubation and mechanical ventilation or neuraxial anesthesia must be balanced against the need to maintain hemodynamic stability while maximizing pain control. Providing anesthesia and analgesia without either of these techniques can be a difficult prospect.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a prospective evaluation at Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Inguinal hernias have been treated traditionally with open methods of herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty. But the trends have changed in the last decade with the introduction of minimal access surgery.

Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive study in patients presenting to Surgery Department of B.

Structure and regulatory interactions of the cytoplasmic terminal domains of serotonin transporter.

Uptake of neurotransmitters by sodium-coupled monoamine transporters of the NSS family is required for termination of synaptic transmission. Transport is tightly regulated by protein-protein interactions involving the small cytoplasmic segments at the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of the transporter. Although structures of homologues provide information about the transmembrane regions of these transporters, the structural arrangement of the terminal domains remains largely unknown.

Osteopathic musculoskeletal examination and subarachnoid anesthetic administration in a patient with severe scoliosis.

Physicians primarily use palpation of anatomical landmarks to guide the placement of needles when administering neuraxial anesthetics. For patients with anatomical abnormalities such as scoliosis, it is also important for physicians to understand Fryette mechanics and spinal curvature anatomy, as well as preprocedural radiography and ultrasonography, to ensure accuracy in neuraxial anesthetic procedures. The authors report the case of a patient with severe scoliosis who required neuraxial anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty.

Weighted morphology: a new approach towards phylogenetic assessment of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria).

The classification of order Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) and inter relationships of morphologically similar taxa is still debatable due to ever changing morphological features. No attempt has been made to improve the morphological taxonomy despite the fact that it is the morphology that represents the totality of genes. To test the validity of morphological taxonomy and fine tune the phylogenetic relationships within the order Nostocales a new weighted morphology approach was applied by using 76 isolates and their 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Rare location of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the rectum.

Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract are usually secondary. Primary rectal lymphoma is very rare by virtue of its location. We present here a 60 years old lady diagnosed as primary rectal diffuse large B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma managed operatively.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of adrenal gland with heterologus osseous differentiation in a case of Von Recklinghausen's disease.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the adrenal gland is extremely rare. Most of them occur in association with neurofibromatosis, ganglioneuroma or as part of a composite tumor such as pheochromocytoma. Only seven cases of MPNST of the adrenal gland have been reported in the literature till date.

Interplay between base excision repair activity and toxicity of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylases in an E. coli complementation system.

DNA glycosylases carry out the first step of base excision repair by removing damaged bases from DNA. The N3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylases specialize in alkylation repair and are either constitutively expressed or induced by exposure to alkylating agents. To study the functional and evolutionary significance of constitutive versus inducible expression, we expressed two closely related yeast 3MeA DNA glycosylases - inducible Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG and constitutive S.

Hemi body irradiation: An economical way of palliation of pain in bone metastasis in advanced cancer.

Background: The primary aim of this prospective non-randomized study was to evaluate the effect of hemi-body irradiation (HBI) on pain and quality of life in cancer patients with extensive bone metastases. The secondary aim was to evaluate side-effects and cost-effectiveness of the treatment.

Materials And Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2010, a total of 23 (male = 14, female = 9, median age = 60 years) diagnosed cases of metastatic cancer patients (prostate = 11, breast = 6, and lung = 6) received HBI, which was delivered as lower (n = 7) (dose = 8 Gy), upper (n = 8) (dose = 6 Gy), or sequential HBI (n = 8) with a Telecobalt unit (Theratron 780C).

Incidence of Japanese encephalitis among acute encephalitis syndrome cases in West Bengal, India.

Background And Objectives: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of acute and epidemic viral encephalitis. Every year sporadic JE cases are reported from the various districts of West Bengal, indicating its endemicity in this state. JE vaccination programme has been undertaken by the State Health Department of West Bengal.

Comparative study of PCR methods to detect Pasteurella multocida.

The aim of the investigation was to compare four published PCR methods for specific detection of Pasteurella multocida. 85 strains of P. multocida and 13 strains of other taxa were included in the comparison of four published PCR methods based on kmt1, 23S rRNA and transcriptional regulator genes pm0762 and pm1231 as targets, respectively.

Rise in liver enzymes after laproscopic cholecystectomy: a transient phenomenon.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and the possible mechanisms behind such effect. Blood samples from 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 20 patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) were tested for liver function by measuring the level of serum alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) before and after surgery. The level of serum ALT and AST increased significantly during the first 24 hours after surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm.

Background: Several approaches exist to produce local anaesthetic blockade of the brachial plexus. It is not clear which is the technique of choice for providing surgical anaesthesia of the lower arm, although infraclavicular blockade (ICB) has several purported advantages. We therefore performed a systematic review of ICB compared to the other brachial plexus blocks (BPBs).

Mcm10 self-association is mediated by an N-terminal coiled-coil domain.

Minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10) is an essential eukaryotic DNA-binding replication factor thought to serve as a scaffold to coordinate enzymatic activities within the replisome. Mcm10 appears to function as an oligomer rather than in its monomeric form (or rather than as a monomer). However, various orthologs have been found to contain 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 subunits and thus, this issue has remained controversial.

A prospective study for the prediction of preeclampsia with urinary calcium level.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of calciuria as a diagnostic test for the prediction of preeclampsia, and also to determine the changes in urinary excretion of calcium in preeclampsia and normotensive women.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 60 primi mothers in the age group of 20-30 years, and all were enrolled at 16 weeks of gestation with clinical follow up by 4 weeks and 24 h urinary calcium and creatinine estimation. Ten mothers developed preeclampsia (study groups) and fifty remained normotensive (control groups).

Characterization of cyanobacteria isolated from biofilms on stone monuments at Santiniketan, India.

Cyanobacterial biofilms occurring on the exterior of three stone monuments at Santiniketan, India were analyzed. Species of Scytonema and Tolypothrix were the major components of these biofilms. Identification was obtained by morphometric procedures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Redo-laparotomies: reasons, morbidity and outcome.

A large number of patients undergo various operative procedures every day and laparotomy forms a large proportion. At times, laparotomies have to be redone due to complications like biliary peritonitis, faecal fistula, burst abdomen or anastomotic leak. Our objectives were to determine the causes of Redo-laparotomy evaluate morbidity associated with it and analyze its outcome.

Abdominal cocoon in an adolescent male.

Abdominal cocoon is an uncommon peritoneal condition characterized by partial or complete encasement of small bowel by a thick rind of fibrous tissue and adhesions. Only few cases of this disease have been reported in world literature. The etiology of this condition is unknown, and most often it is found in adolescent girls from tropical or subtropical countries, and usually diagnosed incidentally on exploration.

An alarming but self-limited case of isolated large spontaneous liver hematoma in pregnancy.

Spontaneous subcapsular liver hematoma is rare but potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy usually associated with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets). We present here a case of such a large spontaneous liver hematoma presenting in pregnancy, but without other known associated abnormalities, which has not been described before and it resolved on itself without any intervention.

Inferior vena cava injury repair, a successful outcome.

Inferior ver a cava (IVC) injuries are very very infrequent; yet it still happens to be the most frequently injured retroperitoneal vascular structure. Fifty percent of the patients can't even make it to the hospital. Even when half of them manage to attend the hospital the mortality rates for the great vessel injury are still very high perhaps due to the low index of suspicion, delayed or inadequate volume resuscitation, difficulty in diagnosis and also due to some technical problems associated in its repair.

Non-productive DNA damage binding by DNA glycosylase-like protein Mag2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two paralogous proteins, Mag1 and Mag2, related to the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) superfamily of alkylpurine DNA glycosylases from yeast and bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of related proteins from four Schizosaccharomyces and other fungal species shows that the Mag1/Mag2 duplication is unique to the genus Schizosaccharomyces and most likely occurred in its ancestor. Mag1 excises N3- and N7-alkylguanines and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine from DNA, whereas Mag2 has been reported to have no detectible alkylpurine base excision activity despite high sequence and active site similarity to Mag1.

Endoscopic excision of a fibroadenoma breast: trans axillary approach.

Benign breast lumps affect 10% of females in their lifetime. Surveillance, assurance, medications and surgical excision are options available to surgeons. Avoiding scars on the breast is an inherent feminine desire.

Recent advances in the structural mechanisms of DNA glycosylases.

DNA glycosylases safeguard the genome by locating and excising a diverse array of aberrant nucleobases created from oxidation, alkylation, and deamination of DNA. Since the discovery 28years ago that these enzymes employ a base flipping mechanism to trap their substrates, six different protein architectures have been identified to perform the same basic task. Work over the past several years has unraveled details for how the various DNA glycosylases survey DNA, detect damage within the duplex, select for the correct modification, and catalyze base excision.