Innovations and adaptations in neonatal and pediatric respiratory care for resource constrained settings.

Respiratory disease is a leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and most of these deaths occur in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) where advanced respiratory care technology is often limited. Much of the equipment required to provide advanced respiratory care is unavailable in these areas due to high costs, the need for specialty trained personnel, and myriad other resource constraints that limit uptake and sustainable use of these devices, including reliable access to electricity, sensitive equipment needing frequent maintenance, single-patient-use supplies, and lack of access to sterilization equipment. Compounding the problem, pediatrics is uniquely challenging in that one size does not fit all, or even most patients.

Automated patient-robot assignment for a robotic rehabilitation gym: a simplified simulation model.

Background: A robotic rehabilitation gym can be defined as multiple patients training with multiple robots or passive sensorized devices in a group setting. Recent work with such gyms has shown positive rehabilitation outcomes; furthermore, such gyms allow a single therapist to supervise more than one patient, increasing cost-effectiveness. To allow more effective multipatient supervision in future robotic rehabilitation gyms, we propose an automated system that could dynamically assign patients to different robots within a session in order to optimize rehabilitation outcome.

Glycosaminoglycans Influence Extracellular Matrix of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Cultured on 3D Scaffolds.

Glaucoma is a multifactorial progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells leading to irreversible blindness. It is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness and is currently affecting over 70 million people. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the only modifiable risk factor and is a target of numerous treatment modalities.

Congenital Pericardial Agenesis presenting as non-specific chest pain: A Case Report.

Congenital absence of pericardium is an exceedingly rare condition with a prevalence of 0.002%-0.004%.

An exceptional survival in an unoperated tetralogy of Fallot in a 66-year-old man: A case report.

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in children which comprises an overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It has an elevated early mortality rate without surgical correction, with most patients dying in childhood. Only 2% of patients survive past the age of 40 years without surgical intervention.

Awareness and Knowledge of Glaucoma and their Associated Factors among People Visiting a Tertiary Level Hospital in Central Nepal.

Background Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness globally. Almost 60 million people globally are affected by glaucoma making it the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Diagnosis of glaucoma early on is vital for timely management and prevention of blindness.

Meeting the Challenges of Myocarditis: New Opportunities for Prevention, Detection, and Intervention-A Report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop of international experts to discuss new research opportunities for the prevention, detection, and intervention of myocarditis in May 2021. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, diagnostic, translational, and therapeutic frontiers to guide future research in myocarditis. In addition to addressing community-acquired myocarditis, the workshop also focused on emerging causes of myocarditis including immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 related myocardial injuries and considered the use of systems biology and artificial intelligence methodologies to define workflows to identify novel mechanisms of disease and new therapeutic targets.

Anthropogenic mortality of large mammals and trends of conflict over two decades in Nepal.

Wildlife conservation in human-dominated landscapes faces increased challenges due to rising conflicts between humans and wildlife. We investigated the human and wildlife loss rates due to human-wildlife conflict between 2000 and 2020 in Nepal. We concentrated on Asian elephant (), greater one-horned rhino (), tiger (), and leopard () mortality, as well as human mortality caused by these species.

Trust is the common denominator for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A literature review.

Vaccine hesitancy and refusal to be vaccinated are major reasons why mass vaccination strategies do not reach the intended coverage, even if adequate vaccine supply has been achieved. The main objective of this study is to explore the role and contribution of trust in public willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccinations. The study utilised a qualitative synthesis of literature around hesitancy, willingness to accept vaccination, and the role of trust.

Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting as a solitary cystic brain mass.

Carcinoma prostate is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer. It is the most common visceral malignancy in the United States of America. Like any other cancerous lesion, it has the propensity to metastasize to any part of the body; the most common locations being bones, lymph nodes, liver, and thoracic organs.

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia.

Background: Quantitative measurement of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity is critical to decide on appropriate treatment and provision of radical cure regimens for vivax malaria. Biosensors are point-of-care semi-quantitative analysers that measure G6PD enzyme activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the operational aspects of biosensor deployment in the hands of village malaria workers (VMWs) in Cambodia over a year.

Development of Nucleic-Acid-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Clinical Applications.

Nucleic acids are remarkable molecules. In addition to Watson-Crick base pairing, the different structural motifs of these molecules can bind non-nucleic acid targets or catalyze chemical reactions. Additionally, nucleic acids are easily modified with different molecules or functional groups.

Introduction of Ferrocene as a Facilitator for the Construction of Supramolecular Polymers.

Proper monomer design is the key to enhancing the strength of noncovalent interactions between the molecules toward the efficient formation of supramolecular polymers (SPs). We have designed and synthesized 1,n'-disubstituted ferrocene-azobenzene-long alkyl chains, Fc(CONH-Azo-TDP) , to afford SPs with a high probability. The design exploits the ''molecular ball-bearing'' property of the ferrocene core, which allows two azobenzene arms to rotate in the planes of cyclopentadienyl rings, generating the most suitable molecular conformation required for SP formation.

Learning Dynamic Patient-Robot Task Assignment and Scheduling for A Robotic Rehabilitation Gym.

A robotic rehabilitation gym is a setup that allows multiple patients to exercise together using multiple robots. The effectiveness of training in such a group setting could be increased by dynamically assigning patients to specific robots. In this simulation study, we develop an automated system that dynamically makes patient-robot assignments based on measured patient performance to achieve optimal group rehabilitation outcome.

Salt reducing and saltiness perception enhancing strategy for shiitake (Lentinus edodes) bud using novel combined treatment of yeast extract and radio frequency.

This study investigated the potential of yeast extract and radio frequency (RF) treatment as a strategy of reducing salt and enhancing saltiness perception for Lentinus edodes bud. The results of E-nose demonstrated yeast extract and RF treatment improved the saltiness of Lentinus edodes bud. Meanwhile, yeast extract and RF treatment significantly decreased the addition of salt (P < 0.

Diagnosis and management of nitrobenzene poisoning in a low-resource setting: A case report.

Background: and Importance: Nitrobenzenes are aromatic oxidizing nitrate compounds, acute ingestion of which can cause methemoglobinemia (metHb) that impairs oxygen transport. Clinical presentation ranges from cyanosis to asphyxia depending on the level of methemoglobin in the blood. Lack of improvement of hypoxia despite administration of oxygen can also be a clue to the diagnosis.

Risk-aware temporal cascade reconstruction to detect asymptomatic cases.

This paper studies the problem of detecting in a temporal contact network in which multiple outbreaks have occurred. We show that the key to detecting asymptomatic cases well is taking into account both individual risk and the likelihood of disease-flow along edges. We consider both aspects by formulating the asymptomatic case detection problem as a (Directed PCST) problem.

High moisture extrusion cooking of meat analogs: A review of mechanisms of protein texturization.

High-moisture extrusion cooking (HMEC) is an efficient method for converting proteins and polysaccharides into fibrous structure that is used in the industrial production of meat analogs. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate current knowledge regarding the modification of protein structure including denaturation and reassembly upon extrusion processing and to correlate this understanding to the structure of the final products. Although there is no consensus on the relative importance of a certain type of bond on extrudates' structure, literature suggests that, regardless of moisture level, these linkages and interactions give rise to distinctive hierarchical order.

A mild, self-resolving case of Epstein-Barr virus-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a multisystem disease caused by an excessive activation of the immune system. In most instances, HLH can be fatal without treatment; a life-threatening syndrome driven by a dysregulated immune system and activation of macrophages resulting in cytokine release and consequent cellular damage. HLH can occur as a consequence of multiple genetic abnormalities or environmental triggers.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b indicates the presence of two paraphyletic diverged lineages of the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur across the Indian Himalaya: conservation implications.

Background: Populations exhibit signatures of local adaptive traits due to spatial and environmental heterogeneity resulting in microevolution. The blue sheep is widely distributed across the high Asian mountains and are the snow leopard's principal prey species. These mountains differ in their evolutionary history due to differential glaciation and deglaciation periods, orography, and rainfall patterns, and such factors causes diversification in species.

Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Cowpea Genotypes under Waterlogging at the Reproductive Stage.

Waterlogging is an important environmental stress limiting the productivity of crops worldwide. Cowpea ( L.) is particularly sensitive to waterlogging stress during the reproductive stage, with a consequent decline in pod formation and yield.