Posterior Tibial Nerve Ultrasound Assessment of Peripheral Neuropathy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early detection and prompt institution of appropriate therapy could prevent undesirable outcomes such as paresthesia, pain, and amputation. Although the gold standard for diagnosing DPN is nerve conduction studies, high-resolution peripheral nerve ultrasonography may serve as a noninvasive and low-cost alternative for diagnosing and staging DPN.

Predictive Value of Transrectal Ultrasonic Doppler and Elastographic Features in Prostate Cancer Detection in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Introduction: This study aimed at determining the predictive value (PV) of transrectal ultrasonic Doppler and elastographic features in prostate cancer (PCa) detection among patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study involved patients that underwent evaluation for PCa. Participants had digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy using colour Doppler (CD) and elastography.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Predicting Postoperative Recurrence Using a Correlation of Computerized Tomographic Volume with Intraoperative Volume.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence is the most common complication following surgery.

Objective: To predict postoperative recurrence of CSDH using a correlation of the calculated preoperative brain computerized tomographic (CT) volume with the intraoperative volume.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted over 14 months in a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria.

Comparative Doppler Ultrasound Findings of Foot Arteries in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normoglycaemic Patients.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to investigate lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LEPAD) in the foot arteries of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without clinical symptoms of arterial insufficiency, using triplex Doppler ultrasound.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven consecutive adult subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 47 age-matched and sex-matched non-diabetic controls were recruited (94 limbs each). Ankle-brachial index (ABI), fasting blood glucose assay, glycated haemoglobin assay and triplex sonography of the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) and the distal posterior tibial artery (PTA) in both feet were performed.

COVID-19: Challenges and coping strategies in radiology departments in Nigeria.

Context: COVID-19 came suddenly, bringing to the fore the challenges inherent in the health system. In a developing country, such as Nigeria, which already had myriad problems with funds and equipment in the health sector.

Aims: This study aims to examine the challenges encountered by the staff in Radiology facilities and how they combated the challenges.

Estimation of gestational age using trans-cerebellar diameter: a sonographic study of a cohort of healthy pregnant women of Igbo ethnic origin in a suburb of Lagos, southwest Nigeria.

Aim: To use a sonographic method to determine the usefulness of trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) as an independent estimator of gestational age (GA).

Methods: A convenience sample of 257 healthy pregnant women of Igbo ethnic origin with singleton normal pregnancy whose GA ranged from 16 to 40 weeks were examined. GA was calculated from the date of onset of the last menstrual period (LMP) and was used as the standard criterion, while the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were used to estimate GA.

Combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block: A 'balanced' anaesthesia for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy?

Background And Aim: Periprostatic nerve block (PNB) which appears to be the gold standard for pain relief during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (TrusP) biopsy has been proven to be lacking in providing satisfactory anaesthesia during transrectal ultrasound (Trus) probe insertion into the anorectum necessitating the addition of another technique to produce a 'balanced' anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine whether combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block (cGPNB) will provide adequate anaesthesia at all stages of TrusP compared with caudal block (CB).

Patients And Methods: Data were prospectively collected from patients with indications for TrusP who were randomly assigned to either cGPNB (Group A) or CB (Group B).

Survey of magnetic resonance imaging availability in West Africa.

Introduction: The availability and utilization of MRI units across sub-Saharan Africa countries remain poor and its distribution is largely unknown. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the distribution and utilization of MRI facilities across the West African sub-region.

Methods: An interview and online search survey was conducted from September 2015 to September 2016, to determine the MRI facilities (Government/Public and Private) available in the West African sub-region.

OPHTHALMIC ARTERY AND CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY DOPPLER PATTERNS IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS AT THE LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA.

Background: Circulatory abnormalities of retrobulbar vessels are increasingly being linked to the aetiopathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma. These abnormalities can be assessed with a colour Doppler Imaging of retrobulbar vessels.

Aims And Objectives: To compare the Doppler ultrasound patterns of central retinal artery and ophthalmic artery in new patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) diagnosis with those of non-glaucomatous group.

Sonographic evaluation of kidney echogenicity and morphology among HIV sero-positive adults at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Aim: To evaluate the role of kidney echogenicity and morphology in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).

Subjects And Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a sample of 340 anti-retroviral therapy (ART)-naïve AIDS patients underwent laboratory CD4+ count, serum creatinine determination and sonographic renal echogenicity grading and size measurement. Rounded kidneys were described as bulbous while bean-shaped kidneys were described as reniform; echogenicity was categorized into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3.

The role of transrectal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: Sextant versus extended protocol.

Aim And Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the prostate cancer detection rates of sextant and extended transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) protocols.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of 96 patients investigated for prostate cancer. An extended 10-aspiration TRUS-guided FNAB using a 22G Echotip Chiba needle was performed.

Neonatal neuroblastoma with adrenal primary and metastasis to the liver: A case report and a review of literature.

We report the case of a 23-day-old neonate with neuroblastoma (NBL) in the right adrenal gland and widespread metastases to the liver. This raises the possibility of foetal NBL, which was missed during periodic ultrasonography done during the mother's pregnancy. We hope that this report would increase the awareness of physicians about foetal, congenital and neonatal NBL; and of sonographers about space-occupying lesions in the foetus.

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Nigerian population with type II diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Worldwide, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important cause of chronic liver disease and cardiovascular morbidity, even more so in subjects with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in an African population with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods: We performed a case control study and evaluated anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for NAFLD in 336 subjects (T2DM and non-diabetic controls).

Follicular Bronchiolitis in a Nigerian Female Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Small airways diseases are not uncommon in childhood. They account for about 28.4% of hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in South West Nigeria, most of which are due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Infantile subdural empyema: The role of brain sonography and percutaneous subdural tapping in a resource-challenged region.

Background: This study explored the outcome of children with patent anterior fontanelles who were treated with trans-fontanelle ultrasound scan (TFUSS), which is more affordable and available than CT scan and MRI in the diagnosis of childhood intracranial pathologies and treatment of subdural empyema, in developing countries.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen infants with post-meningitic subdural empyema, diagnosed using trans-fontanelle ultrasound alone and treated with subdural tapping over a 31-months period, were studied.

Results: Eleven patients presented with grades II and III Bannister and William grading for level of consciousness in intracranial subdural empyema.

Preoperative localization of undescended testes in children: comparison of clinical examination and ultrasonography.

Background: Preoperative localization of the testis aids effective management of undescended testes. Various diagnostic techniques have been applied in the localization of undescended testes with varying results. The aim of this study was to compare clinical assessment and ultrasound evaluation in the preoperative localization of undescended testes in children.

Diagnostic value of high resolution ultrasound in localisation of the undescended testis in children.

Background: The use of ultrasonography in the pre-operative localisation of undescended testes has become controversial due to fears about its accuracy. This study was designed to ascertain the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasonography in the localisation of the undescended testes in children.

Patients And Methods: A prospective evaluation of all boys undergoing operation for undescended testes at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, over a 12 month period was performed.

The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of breast pathology in symptomatic women.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females, accounting for 23% of total cancer cases and 14% of cancer deaths worldwide. The developing countries are catching up with this trend. Breast ultrasound when properly performed and interpreted, is an indispensable tool in breast imaging.

Cancer distribution pattern in south-western Nigeria.

The burden of cancer in Nigeria is appreciable with about 100,000 new cancer cases being reported in the country each year. This study aimed to determine the level of occurrence and pattern of distribution of different cancer types in two major functional cancer registries in south-western Nigeria. A desk review of the level of occurrence and pattern of distribution of different cancer types in Lagos and Ibadan cancer registries over a 5 year period (2005-2009) was carried out.

A study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Cancer of the cervix is the commonest genital tract malignancy in the female, and it has been ranked second to breast cancer. It has positive association with infection of human papillomavirus. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially in western countries following the introduction of screening programmes.

Excision and end-to-end anastomotic urethroplasty in the management of post-traumatic urethral stricture disease: experience and challenges in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Aims And Objectives: The study aims to assess the outcome of excision and end-to-end anastomotic urethroplasty in the management of post traumatic urethral stricture in at one of the teaching hospitals in Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: All cases of post traumatic urethral stricture disease managed by excision and end to end anastomosis between January 2000 and December 2006 were retrospectively studied. The data collected included the patients age, cause of stricture, location, length and the outcome of surgery.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening among nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos Nigeria.

Background: Breast Cancer has been known to be the most common cancer and second principal cause of cancer death in women. However, the adherence to recommended breast cancer screening guidelines is low especially in Africa.

Objective: It may be necessary to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening among nurses who are in good position to educate people.

Medical audit of diagnostic mammographic examination at the lagos university teaching hospital (luth), Nigeria.

Purpose: We studied the performance of diagnostic mammography in predicting malignancy among patients presenting with signs and symptoms of malignancy.

Materials And Methods: 310 patients who presented to the surgical out-patients of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital with signs and symptoms of breast cancer, between January 2002 and December 2003 had mammographic evaluation with a dedicated mammography unit. The mammographic appearances were prospectively classified using the BI-RADS assessment categorisation, and histological confirmation following surgical excision was correlated with mammography.

Exploratory study of plasma total homocysteine and its relationship to short-term outcome in acute ischaemic stroke in Nigerians.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a potentially modifiable risk factor for stroke, and may have a negative impact on the course of ischaemic stroke. The role of hyperhomocysteinemia as it relates to stroke in Africans is still uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and short-term impact of hyperhomocysteinemia in Nigerians with acute ischaemic stroke.

Comparison of the accuracy of trans-abdominal sonography (TAS) and transperineal sonography (TPS) in the diagnosis of Placenta Praevia.

Background: Although the incidence of Placenta Praevia (PP) is low, its association with increased perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality underscores the imperative of accurate pre-labour diagnosis.

Objective: To compare through a prospective study, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of Trans-Abdominal Sonography (TAS) and Trans-Perineal Sonography (TPS) in the diagnosis of Placenta Praevia and to determine the causes, if any, of avoidable diagnostic errors.

Methods: During the study period from 1999 to 2001, 133 patients were evaluated by TAS and TPS.