Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molecules with high specificity and its fast preparation time, cost effectiveness, ease of modification, stability at high temperature and pH are some of the advantages it has over traditional detection methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher sensitivity and selectivity can further be achieved via coupling of aptamers with nanomaterials and these conjugates called "aptasensors" are receiving greater attention in early diagnosis and therapy.

Stabilization of anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste using activated carbon of coffee ground biomass.

Process instability commonly encountered in anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of organic fractions of municipal solid wastes (OFMSWs) is addressed by utilizing hydrochar (CB-HTC) and activated hydrochar (ACB-HTC) derived from coffee ground biomass. Addition of CB-HTC or ACB-HTC shortened the lag phase resulting in high biogas yield of 68.57 Nl/kg oTS or 102.