Radiographic Orofacial Findings of Systemic Diseases.

This article discusses the orofacial clinicoradiographic features of systemic diseases that manifest in the orofacial region. The systemic diseases discussed are grouped into the following: autoimmune diseases, endocrine diseases, bone diseases, hematologic diseases, syndromes, and malignancies. The radiographic manifestation ranges from radiolucent bony destruction, increased bone density, calcification, thinning of cortical plate, loss of trabeculation, missing teeth, and supernumerary teeth.

Fluoride in drinking groundwater and prevalence of fluorosis in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: Fluorosis is a worldwide public health problem. One of the factors related to it is the type of water consumed, such as groundwater. High fluoride concentration in groundwater may be explained by contamination from local industries.

Correlation between TMJ Space Alteration and Disc Displacement: A Retrospective CBCT and MRI Study.

This study aims to determine if a large anterior and reduced posterior/superior joint space is highly predictable for disc displacement. From patients with temporomandibular disorders symptoms, fifty-two experimental joints and fourteen control joints were included. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to calculate posterior-to-anterior (P-A) and superior-to-anterior (S-A) joint space ratios, while disc position was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

A Patient Presents for Dental Extraction and Goes into Sickle Cell Crisis in the Dental Chair.

Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy associated with multiorgan damage. This single gene disorder involves one DNA base pair alteration, producing HbS. The sickle-shaped cells form when deoxygenated in the capillaries.

Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation (Vascular Lesion) in a 16-Year-Old Patient.

Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws are rare congenital vascular abnormalities that the dentist may encounter. A vascular lesion or disease should be suspected when there is unexplained bleeding from the oral cavity. Diagnostic imaging is a valuable tool in diagnosing and localizing vascular lesions.

Patient with von Willebrand Disease Presenting for Selective Scaling and Root Planning.

Von Willebrand disease is a platelet phase bleeding disorder, affecting platelet aggregation and adhesion. It can be inherited or acquired in origin. Patients with von Willebrand disease can be successfully treated in a dental setting.

Patient with Hemophilia A Presenting for Extractions and Implants.

The authors describe the management of a 57-year-old man with hemophilia A who presents for extractions and implant placements. The patient required a combination of extractions, scaling and root planning, and composite restorations. The authors describe the management protocol for this patient as well as general considerations in the management of patients with hemophilia A.

Detection of medial arterial calcification on CBCT images of a patient with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report.

The finding of medial arterial calcification (MAC) on cone beam computed tomographic scans is more common than many clinicians realize. Medial arterial calcification is a specific pattern of vascular calcification that has been associated with diabetes mellitus. When MAC is identified on a scan, the clinician must refer the patient for evaluation of cardiovascular accident risk and for serologic evaluation to detect undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Digital Clone: Intraoral Scanning, Face Scans and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Integration for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.

The purpose of this article is to synthesize different technologies that are available for the creation of a virtual patient, "the digital clone" because the data can be used for diagnosis as well as treatment planning. The role of facial scans, 3-dimensional intraoral scans as well as the cone beam computed tomography in the creation of a digital clone is discussed in detail. A step-by-step guide is created for the reader for integration of the intraoral scan data with the cone beam computed tomography Dicom data to create a digital clone.

Radiology of Dental Caries.

Dental caries is a dynamic, preventable, reversible, complex biofilm-mediated, multifactorial disease that involves a series of demineralization/neutrality/remineralization of dental hard tissue in primary and permanent dentition. An imbalance in the continuum with a net demineralization over time results in the initiation of caries lesions. Visual inspection and intraoral radiographs are vital in caries detection, although they are of suboptimal sensitivity for early caries lesions.

Comparison of photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence, intraoral radiography, and cone beam computed tomography for detection of natural caries under restorations.

Objectives: The aim of this ex vivo study was to measure the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of a caries diagnostic system based on photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR/LUM) and compare them with the values for digital intraoral radiography (IR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting recurrent decay.

Study Design: Class 2 composite restorations were prepared on 70 proximal surfaces: 35 with caries and 35 without caries. The gingival floor of the restored surfaces was assessed for caries under the restorations using each of the 3 modalities.