Atorvastatin improves sputum conversion and chest X-ray severity score.

We report the results of a phase IIB study investigating the safety and effectiveness of atorvastatin use with standard anti-TB drugs. In this multicentre, open-labelled study, we recruited treatment-naÏve patients with uncomplicated pulmonary TB aged at least 18 years. Participants were randomly assigned to standard-of-care or standard-of-care plus oral dose of atorvastatin (40 mg) daily for 2 months.

Functional Bioactivities of Soluble Seed Proteins from Two Leguminous Seeds.

Storage proteins from and were fractionated, and their bioactivities were investigated. Albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin constituents of the respective seeds were successively fractionated using the modified Osborne method. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (1 mM) was used as a protease inhibitor.

"To Be or Not to Be"-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Hospitalized People Who Have a Low Probability of Benefit: Qualitative Analysis of Semi-structured Interviews.

Purpose: Our aim was to understand the decision making of patients in hospital who wanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite low probability of benefit.

Methods: We included patients admitted to general medical wards who had a low chance of surviving in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and had an order in the chart to administer CPR. We developed an interview guide to explore participants' decision-making process, sources of information, and emotions associated with this decision.

Antimicrobial activities and phylogenetic study of DC (Fabaceae) seed lectin.

(Fabaceae) have been traditionally used in the treatment of microbial ailments, and the specific agent mediating its efficacy has been investigated in several studies. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of purified lectin (ESL) was analyzed. The phylogenetic relationship of the gene encoding lectin with other legume lectins was also established to investigate their evolutionary relationship via comparative genomics.

Efficacy of selected Nigerian tropical plants in the treatment of COVID-19: in silico and in vitro investigations.

The whole world is still challenged with COVID-19 pandemic caused by Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has affected millions of individuals around the globe. Although there are prophylactic vaccines being used, till now, there is ongoing research into discovery of drug candidates for total eradication of all types of coronaviruses. In this context, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effects of six selected tropical plants against four pathogenic proteins of Coronavirus-2.

Quality of life and functional outcomes after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A systematic review.

Aim: Our aim was to determine the association of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for in hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) with quality of life after discharge.

Methods: We performed a systematic review using available databases for studies that measured any quality-of-life or functional outcome both before and after CPR for IHCA. All screening and data abstraction was performed in duplicate.

Purification and erythrocyte-membrane perturbing activity of a ketose-specific lectin from seeds.

This study purified a hemagglutinating protein (MoL) from seed, and investigated its hemolytic activity. Molecular weight and stability of MoL were also determined. Modification of some amino acid residues was carried out and the effect on MoL hemagglutinating activity determined.

A Phase 3, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Once-Daily Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Purpose: This phase 3 clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of viloxazine extended-release capsules (VLX-ER) as a monotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents (12-17 years).

Methods: Eligible subjects (n = 310) were randomized to receive once-daily 200 and 400 mg VLX-ER, or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline (CFB) at the end of study (EOS) in ADHD Rating Scale-5 Total score.

A Phase 3 Placebo-Controlled Trial of Once-Daily 400-mg and 600-mg SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-Release) in Adolescents with ADHD.

Objectives: Three Phase 3 trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of SPN-812 in pediatric subjects with ADHD. Here, we report the results of a fourth trial.

Methods: Eligible adolescent subjects (N = 297) were randomized to SPN-812 (400- or 600-mg/day) or placebo.

Impact of Paroxetine, a Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitor, on SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-Release) Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adults.

SPN-812 (viloxazine extended-release) is a novel nonstimulant recently approved as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Given that SPN-812 is metabolized by CYP2D6 and may be coadministered with CYP2D6 inhibitors, this trial investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of SPN-812 coadministered with the potent CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine. In this single-sequence, 3-treatment period study in healthy volunteers, subjects received a single oral dose of 700 mg SPN-812 alone (period 1), 20 mg daily paroxetine (10 days, period 2), followed by concurrent administration of SPN-812 and paroxetine (period 3).

Once-Daily SPN-812 200 and 400 mg in the treatment of ADHD in School-aged Children: A Phase III Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Purpose: SPN-812 (viloxazine extended-release) is under investigation for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. This Phase III study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of SPN-812 200 and 400 mg once daily in children 6-11 years of age with ADHD.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive SPN-812 200 mg, SPN-812 400 mg, or placebo, once daily for 8 weeks (including ≤3 weeks titration period).

Pharmacokinetics of Coadministered Viloxazine Extended-Release (SPN-812) and Lisdexamfetamine in Healthy Adults.

Background: Viloxazine extended-release is a novel nonstimulant under investigation as a potential treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the potential for viloxazine extended-release to be co-administered with stimulant ADHD pharmacotherapies, this trial investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of combination viloxazine extended-release + lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (lisdexamfetamine) versus viloxazine extended-release and lisdexamfetamine alone.

Methods: In this single-center, cross-over, open-label trial, healthy, non-ADHD adults received single oral doses of 700 mg viloxazine extended-release alone, 50 mg lisdexamfetamine alone, and a combination of viloxazine extended-release (700 mg) + lisdexamfetamine (50 mg), with blood samples collected over 4 days postadministration.

Pharmacokinetics of Coadministered Viloxazine Extended-Release (SPN-812) and Methylphenidate in Healthy Adults.

Background And Objectives: Viloxazine extended-release (viloxazine ER, SPN-812) is a novel non-stimulant with activity at serotonin receptors and the norepinephrine transporter, which is under investigation as a potential treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Given the potential for viloxazine ER to be coadministered with other pharmacotherapies, this trial investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of combination viloxazine ER + methylphenidate versus viloxazine ER or methylphenidate alone.

Methods: In this single-center, crossover, open-label trial, healthy adult participants received oral administration of 700 mg viloxazine ER alone, 36 mg methylphenidate alone, and combination viloxazine ER (700 mg) + methylphenidate (36 mg), with blood samples collected over 4 days post-administration.

Evaluation of the Effect of SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-Release) on QTc Interval in Healthy Adults.

Objective: To assess the effects of a supratherapeutic dose of SPN-812, a drug currently under investigation as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, on cardiac repolarization (QTc) in healthy adults.

Methods: The study was conducted from June 27, 2018, to July 10, 2018. It had a double-blind, randomized, crossover design in which subjects received a 3-treatment sequence-placebo, 400 mg moxifloxacin, and 1,800 mg SPN-812 for 2 consecutive days (separated by at least a 3-day washout).

A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Once-daily SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-release) in the Treatment of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in School-age Children.

Purpose: The limitations of current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) set the need for the development of novel, effective, and tolerable medications to treat this disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether treatment with SPN-812 (viloxazine extended-release) significantly reduces symptoms of ADHD in children.

Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week trial to assess the efficacy and safety of once-daily 100- and 200-mg SPN-812 in the treatment of ADHD in male and female children 6-11 years of age.

A Double-Blind, Randomized Study of Extended-Release Molindone for Impulsive Aggression in ADHD.

To evaluate efficacy and safety of SPN-810 (extended-release molindone) in a Phase-2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of children (6-12 years) with ADHD and persistent impulsive aggression (IA). After lead-in, children were randomized to (a) placebo ( = 31); (b) low-dose ( = 29, 12/18 mg/day); (c) medium-dose ( = 30, 24/36 mg/day); and (4) high-dose ( = 31, 36/54 mg/day) groups. Treatment included ~2.

A Phase II Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Efficacy and Safety Study of SPN-812 (Extended-Release Viloxazine) in Children With ADHD.

The objective of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of SPN-812 (extended-release viloxazine) for ADHD in children aged 6 to 12 years. In an 8-week study, 222 participants were randomized to placebo or SPN-812 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/day. Measurements included ADHD Rating Scale (RS)-IV total score and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scores.

Proteomic profiling of eccrine sweat reveals its potential as a diagnostic biofluid for active tuberculosis.

Purpose: Excessive sweating is a common symptom of the disease and an unexplored biofluid for TB diagnosis; we conducted a proof-of-concept study to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of active TB in eccrine sweat.

Experimental Design: We performed a global proteomic profile of eccrine sweat sampled from patients with active pulmonary TB, other lung diseases (non-TB disease), and healthy controls. A comparison of proteomics between Active-TB, Non-TB, and Healthy Controls was done in search for potential biomarkers of active TB.

A randomized controlled study comparing community based with health facility based direct observation of treatment models on patients' satisfaction and TB treatment outcome in Nigeria.

Background: Directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) strategy is an effective mode of treating TB. We aimed to study the cost effectiveness and patients' satisfaction with home based direct observation of treatment (DOT), an innovative approach to community-based DOT (CBDOT) and hospital based DOT (HBDOT).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 150 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients in four TB clinics in Ile Ife , Nigeria, was done.

Awareness of and Attitude towards glaucoma among an adult rural population of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria.

Purpose: To obtain baseline data and assess the level of awareness and attitudes towards glaucoma among rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: This was a community-based study that involved interviews and descriptive cross-sectional analysis. Serial-recruitment was performed of consenting participants who presented at a community-based screening service in March 2011.

Influence of cow bone particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of cow bone-reinforced polyester composites.

This work was carried out to investigate the influence of cow bone particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of polyester matrix composites in order to consider the suitability of the materials as biomaterials. Cow bone was procured from an abattoir, washed with water, and sun-dried for 4 weeks after which it was crushed with a sledge hammer and was further pulverized with laboratory ball mill. Sieve size analysis was carried out on the pulverized bone where it was sieved into three different sizes of 75, 106, and 300 μm sieve sizes.

Larval habitats of mosquito fauna in Osogbo metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the larval habitats of mosquito fauna and possible impact of land use/ land cover changes on the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases in Osogbo metropolis, Southwestern, Nigeria.

Methods: All accessible larval habitats were surveyed between May and September, 2011 in Osogbo metropolis while Land Use/ Land cover of the city was analyzed using 2 Lansat Multispectral Scanner satellite imagery of SPOT 1986 and LANDSAT TM 2009.

Results: A total of six species namely, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vittatus, Anopheles gambiae complex, Culex quinquefasciatus and Eretmapodite chrysogaster were encountered during the study.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among elderly and middle-aged rural community-dwellers in South-Western Nigeria.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly individuals has been well described in institutionalized settings, but to a lesser extent in the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogens responsible for asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly and middle-aged individuals in Alajue-Ede, South-Western Nigeria, and to identify any associated factors. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy elderly and middle-aged volunteers who were participating in community health screening.