Abnormalities in gut virome signatures linked with cognitive impairment in older adults.

Multiple emerging lines of evidence indicate that the microbiome contributes to aging and cognitive health. However, the roles of distinct microbial components, such as viruses (virome) and their interactions with bacteria (bacteriome), as well as their metabolic pathways (metabolome) in relation to aging and cognitive function, remain poorly understood. Here, we present proof-of-concept results from a pilot study using datasets ( = 176) from the Microbiome in Aging Gut and Brain (MiaGB) consortium, demonstrating that the human virome signature significantly differs across the aging continuum (60s vs.

Vanillic acid ameliorates diethyl phthalate and bisphenol S-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of experimental rats.

Long-term adverse effects on human health are caused by exogenous compounds that alter the functions of biological systems, especially neuroendocrine disruptors like diethyl phthalate (DEP) and bisphenol S (BPS). Although vanillic acid (VA) has pertinent neuropharmacological characteristics, its effect against DEP + BPS-induced neurotoxicity has not been explored. This study proposed that VA may offer protection against the neurotoxicity caused by DEP + BPS.

Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model.

Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been associated with the development of allergies, asthma, and allergic airway inflammation. Through a complex interplay of signals and feedback mechanisms, the lungs communicate with the heart to ensure maintenance of homeostasis and supporting the body's metabolic demands. In the current study, we assessed the crosstalk between DiNP-induced asthma and cardiac cellular respiration, oxidative stress, apoptotic potential, and induction of oncogenic factors.

Targeted and untargeted lipidomics with integration of liver dynamics and microbiome after dietary reversal of obesogenic diet targeting inflammation-resolution signaling in aging mice.

Obesity, a global epidemic linked to around 4 million deaths yearly, arises from lifestyle imbalances impacting inflammation-related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gut dysbiosis. But the long-term effects of inflammation caused by lifestyle-related dietary changes remain unexplained. In this study, we used young male C57Bl/6 mice which were fed either an obesogenic diet (OBD) or a control diet (CON) for six months.

Ferulic acid interventions ameliorate NDEA-CCl-induced hepatocellular carcinoma via Nrf2 and p53 upregulation and Akt/PKB-NF-κB-TNF-α pathway downregulation in male Wistar rats.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a prevalent form of liver cancer that is life threatening. Many chemically synthesized anti-cancer drugs have various degrees of side effects. Hence, this study investigated the effect of FEAC interventions on NDEA-CCl-induced HCAR in male Wistar rats.

Activated protein C signaling mediates neuroinflammation in seizure induced by pilocarpine.

Epilepsy is one of the most common and oldest neurological disorders, characterized by periodic seizures that affect millions globally. Despite its long history, its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Additionally, the current treatment methods have their limitations.

Sestrin2 as a Potential Target in Hypertension.

Hypertension is a highly complex, intricate condition affecting millions of individuals across the globe. Nearly half of adults in the United States are diagnosed with hypertension, with incident rates projected to rise over the next decade. Hypertension is a precursor to many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease.

Pre-puberty cannabichromene exposure modulates reproductive function via alteration of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and eNOS pathway metabolites.

Background: Cannabis and cannabinoids affect almost every system of the body and exert systemic effects such as alterations in memory and cognitive functions, neurotransmission impediment, as well as obstruction of endocrine and reproductive system functions. Reproduction is a complicated phenomenon that integrates biological, psychological and behavioural aspects, hence susceptible to intracellular and extracellular modulations by numerous chemicals and toxicants like cannabis.

Aim: The effects of early-life exposure to cannabis on reproductive function biomarkers and genes were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study.

Administration of metformin rescues age-related vulnerability to ischemic insults through mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death on a global scale. Despite significant advances in the reperfusion treatment of acute myocardial infarction, there is still a significant early mortality rate among the elderly, as angioplasty-achieved reperfusion can exacerbate myocardial damage, leading to severe ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and induce fatal arrhythmias. Mitochondria are a key mediator of ischemic insults; a transient blockade of the electron transport chain (ETC) at complex I during reperfusion can reduce myocardial infarct caused by ischemic insults.

Syringic acid demonstrates better anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects than ascorbic acid via maintenance of the endogenous antioxidants and downregulation of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers in DMN-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) is a known hepatotoxin, carcinogen, and mutagen. This study is therefore carried out to investigate the therapeutic effects of syringic acid (SYRA) and ascorbic acid (ASCA) in DMN-induced hepatic injury in rats. Following DMN administrations, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased.

Lycopene abolishes palmitate-mediated myocardial inflammation in female Wistar rats via modulation of lipid metabolism, NF-κB signalling pathway, and augmenting the antioxidant systems.

Background And Aims: Obesity-related heart failure is exacerbated by excessive intake of saturated fats such as palmitate (PA). Lycopene (LYC) possesses anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study, therefore, evaluated the impact of LYC against PA-invoked cardiotoxicity.

Morin Augmented Myocardial eNOS/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway and Abated Oxidative and Inflammo-apoptotic Responses in Diethyl Phthalate and Bisphenol-S Co-Exposed Male Albino Rats.

Cardiac failure accounts for many deaths worldwide. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that exposure to chemicals such as bisphenol-S (BPS) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) exacerbate cardiac injuries. Morin is a flavonoid with reported cardioprotective activity.

Inhibition of fat accumulation, lipid dysmetabolism, cardiac inflammation, and improved nitric oxide signalling mediate the protective effects of lycopene against cardio-metabolic disorder in obese female rats.

Obesity, hallmarked by excessive lipid accumulation and dysregulation, continues to escalate the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases, and is a foremost cause of deaths globally. Alternative therapeutic agents are urgently needed. This study hypothesized that lycopene could proffer beneficial effects against obesity-induced cardiometabolic changes.

Venom-Induced Reproductive Pathologies in Rat Model; Roles of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.

This study reported reproductive pathologies associated with Echis ocellatus venom in animal model. Twenty male Wistar rats with body weight between 180 and 220 g were selected randomly into two groups (n = 10). Rats in group 1 served as the control while rats in group 2 were envenomed with a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.

venom altered reproductive and neurological functions via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage in male rats.

Reproductive and neurological anomalies are often characterized by malfunctioning of reproductive and nervous organs sometimes attributed to systemic toxins. However, limited information is available on the impact of snake venom toxins on male reproductive and nervous system. This study investigated the toxicological effects of venom on male reproductive and neural functions in rat model.

Extract Extenuates Venom-Induced Toxicities, Histopathological Impairments and Inflammation via Enhancement of Nrf2 Expression in Rats.

snakebite causes more fatalities than all other African snake species combined. reportedly possesses an antivenom property. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of ethanol extract (MOE) against (EOV) toxicities.

Chitosan from Crabs () Represses Hyperlipidemia-Induced Hepato-Renal Dysfunctions in Rats: Modulation of CD43 and p53 Expression.

Hepato-renal dysfunctions associated with hyperlipidemia necessitates a continuous search for natural remedies. This study thus evaluated the effect of dietary chitosan on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (90 ± 10) g were randomly allotted into six (6) groups ( = 5): Normal diet, High-fat diet (HFD), and Normal diet + 5% chitosan.

Lycopene suppresses palmitic acid-induced brain oxidative stress, hyperactivity of some neuro-signalling enzymes, and inflammation in female Wistar rat.

Neuroinflammation can be triggered by certain high caloric nutrients such as palmitic acid (PA). The effect of lycopene against PA-induced neuroinflammation in female rats has not been as explored. In the present study, thirty rats (weighing 150-200) g were randomly allotted into six groups (n = 5) comprising normal control, PA control, PA + lycopene (0.

Lycopene abrogates obesity-provoked hyperactivity of neurosignalling enzymes, oxidative stress and hypothalamic inflammation in female Wistar rats.

Obesity, a global epidemic, has been strongly associated with impairment of brain function. Lycopene has several therapeutic properties and can cross the blood-brain barrier. However, its effects on obesity-provoked brain dysfunction remain unexplored.

Lycopene alleviates Western diet-induced elevations in anthropometrical indices of obesity, adipose lipids, and other nutritional parameters.

Given the unrelenting surge in the prevalence of obesity and the intensified efforts aimed at elucidating underlying mechanisms and proffering effective treatments, this study investigated the effects of lycopene on various anthropometrical indices of obesity. Thirty female Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups and fed either control diet or Western diet. After eight weeks, obese rats (fed Western diet) were divided into three groups (n=5); obese control received the vehicle, while the other two received lycopene (0.

Propolis ethanol extract abrogates hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and lowered hepatic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein level in male albino rats.

Background And Aim: Diabetes is a major cause of death worldwide and currently available allopathic drugs presents adverse side effects, thus, necessitating a continuous screening for natural products. This study therefore investigated the effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract (PEE) on blood sugar, lipid metabolism, and poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARPs) protein level of diabetic male Wistar rats.

Methodology: Seventy rats weighing between (150-180) g used in this study were randomized into seven (7) groups as follows: group 1 (Normal control given Olive oil), group 2 (Diabetic control given Olive oil), group 3 [Diabetic + PEE (200 mg/kg)], group 4 [Diabetic + (PEE 600 mg/kg)], group 5 [Diabetic + Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)], group 6 [Normal + PEE (200 mg/kg)], and group 7 [Normal + PEE (600 mg/kg)].

Bayesian spatial modelling of Ebola outbreaks in Democratic Republic of Congo through the INLA-SPDE approach.

Ebola virus (EBV) disease is a globally acknowledged public health emergency, endemic in the west and equatorial Africa. To understand the epidemiology especially the dynamic pattern of EBV disease, we analyse the EBV case notification data for confirmed cases and reported deaths of the ongoing outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2018 and 2019, and examined the impact of reported violence on the spread of the virus. Using fully Bayesian geo-statistical analysis through stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) allows us to quantify the spatial patterns at every point of the spatial domain.

A time course study on dose-response relationship between alcohol exposure and its effects on lipid profile and biomarkers of tissue damage.

This present research investigated variations in lipid profiles and important biomarkers of tissue damage in response to graded concentrations of alcohol administration in male Wistar rats. Group A (control) received distilled water while group B, C and D received 30%, 40% and 50% (v/v) alcohol respectively. Five rats each from groups A-D were sacrificed after day(s) 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of administration.