Genetic and epigenetic modulations in toxicity: The two-sided roles of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the environment.

This study emphasizes the importance of considering the metabolic and toxicity mechanisms of environmental concern chemicals in real-life exposure scenarios. Furthermore, environmental chemicals may require metabolic activation to become toxic, and competition for binding sites on receptors can affect the severity of toxicity. The multicomplex process of chemical toxicity is reflected in the activation of multiple pathways during toxicity of which AhR activation is major.

Low Dose of Nickel and Benzo [a] Anthracene in Rat-Diet, Induce Apoptosis, Fibrosis, and Initiate Carcinogenesis in Liver via NF-Ƙβ Pathway.

Environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals are major contaminants of food such as fish thus serving as source of exposure to human. This study was designed to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and other risks associated with long-term consumption of environmentally relevant dose of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene in rats. Thirty-six (36) male rats weighing between 80 and 100 g were assigned into 6 groups of 6 animals each; normal, nickel-, and benzo [a] anthracene-exposed groups for 12 and 24 weeks, respectively.

Evaluation of long-term effects of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene contaminated diets in rats' kidney; mimicking human exposure from food.

Objectives: Accumulative effects of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon could result in various toxicities. This study evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to low doses of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene on the kidney of rats, simulating human exposure through food.

Methods: Thirty-six (36) Male rats weighing between 80-100 g were assigned into six groups of 6 animals each; Group A (normal), Group B1 and B2 (fed nickel contaminated feed for 12 and 24 weeks), Group C1 and C2 (fed benzo [a] anthracene contaminated feed for 12 and 24 weeks).

Heavy metal concentrations in four fish species from the Lagos lagoon and their human health implications.

Background: Lagos lagoon is constantly being polluted from industrial and human activities. Fishes from Lagos lagoon contribute significant percentages of fish consumption in the Lagos metropolises. Therefore, this study evaluated heavy metal concentrations in tissues of four fish species (, and ) from Lagos lagoons and their human health implication.

Ginger mitigated the health risks associated with arsenic-contamination of rats feed via inflammatory and apoptosis regulation.

Millions of people around the world are inadvertently exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food. However, food spices possess antioxidants and anti-inflammatory potentials. Therefore, this study evaluated the protective potentials of Zingiber officinale (ginger) against the toxic effects of arsenic in male Wistar rats.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in fish tissues and human health risk assessment on consumption of four fish species collected from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria.

Lagos Lagoon is a very popular lagoon in Lagos state that receives effluents from neighboring industries. These effluents tend to increase the level of contaminants in the lagoon, thereby creating more stressors for aquatic animals. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four commonly consumed fish species from the lagoon and the prediction of possible health risks associated with their consumption were performed in this study.

Potential inhibitory properties of structurally modified quercetin/isohamnetin glucosides against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; molecular docking and dynamics simulation strategies.

Concerned organizations and individuals are fully engaged in seeking appropriate measures towards managing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection because of the unprecedented economic and health impact. SAR-CoV-2 Main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) is unique to the survival and viability of the virus. Therefore, inhibition of Mpro can block the viral propagation.

Health risk assessment and heavy metal accumulation in fish species ( and ) from industrially polluted Ogun and Eleyele Rivers, Nigeria.

Ogun and Eleyele Rivers are in the Western part of Nigeria with a potential risk of heavy metal pollution because of many industrial wastes channeling through their courses. Therefore, in this study, the concentration of heavy metals and the possible human health risk of consuming and collected from industrially polluted Ogun and Eleyele Rivers in Nigeria were evaluated. The concentration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in tissues (gill, muscle, and liver) of fish was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and compared with the maximum permissible.

Studies on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pimples.

Background And Objective: Pimples (acne) are small skin lesions or inflammations of the skin. The most common factor causing acne is the hormonal changes that occur during adolescent and teenage years. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in the treatment of pimples due to increasing concerns of antibiotic resistance.

Inhibition of Growth of by and in Mice.

and used by people of Western Africa in the treatment of malaria and related symptoms were assessed for their antiplasmodial value against the chloroquine sensitive strain of . Crude extracts (200 mg/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of Swiss mice. The percentage of parasitemia, survival time, and haematological parameters were determined.

Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of (Jacq). Willd. on Biochemical Parameters in Diet induced Dyslipidemia Wistar Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of on hematological parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, and serum lipid in Wistar rats fed standard laboratory, or 2% cholesterol-enrich diet.

Material And Methods: Wistar rats (180-210g) divided into six groups of six animals (males) each were fed 2% cholesterol-enriched diet and orally treated with 0.9% saline or extract of (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg per body weight) daily for eight weeks.

Sub-chronic Administration of Methanolic Whole Fruit Extract of Lagenaria breviflora (Benth.) Roberty Induces Mild Toxicity in Rats.

Background: The effect of the methanolic whole fruit extract from Lagenaria breviflora on vital organs and antioxidant enzymes was investigated in this study.

Materials And Methods: L. breviflora (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/b.

An inventory of plants commonly used in the treatment of some disease conditions in Ogbomoso, South West, Nigeria.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: This study was designed to take an inventory of medicinal plants, recipes and methods commonly used traditionally to treat some cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in five local government areas in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Material And Methods: First-hand field survey through semi-structured questionnaire was employed in the 5 months study.

Results: A total of 101 plant species (medicinal plants (80.

Immunomodulatory activities of Yoyo bitters: recommended dose precipitated inflammatory responses in male Wistar rats.

This study investigated the immunomodulatory capabilities of the sub-chronic administration of Yoyo bitters in male Wistar rats. Eighteen rats weighing 86.2 +/- 4.

Repeated oral administration of Febi super bitters correlated with some tissue toxicity in male Wistar rat.

This study investigated the toxic implication of Febi Super Bitters in Male Wistar rats because of upsurge in its usage for therapeutic reasons. Eighteen rats, with an average weight of 86.2 +/- 4.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Some Local Medicinal Plants against 2-Acetylaminoflourene-Induced Damage in Rat.

The in vivo micronucleus assay was used to examine the anticlastogenic effects of crude extracts of Bridelia ferruginea, Vernonia amygdalina, Tridax procumbens, Ocimum gratissimum, and Lawsonia inermis in Wistar albino rats. Extracts of doses of 100 mg/kg body weight were given to rats in five groups for seven consecutive days followed by a single dose of 2-AAF (0.5 mmol/kg body weight).

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria infection is the second largest killer disease after HIV in Nigeria. Failure of the orthodox medications due to drug adulteration, high cost of procurement of antimalarial drugs and inconvenience experienced in the use of high dosage of the new antimalarial drug combination therapy has turned the attention of the people in the world towards the use of local herbs.

Materials And Methods: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the indigenous people of Ogbomoso for the treatment of malaria infection was conducted.

Protective effects of Vernonia amygdalina against sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity in rat.

Objectives: Contamination of the environment with arsenic (As) from both human and natural sources is known as a global problem. This study investigated the chemoprotective potential of Vernonia amygdalina leave extract against sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: Genotoxic effects were evaluated in the rat bone marrow using micronuclei.

Antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. stem bark and Ageratum conyzoides Linn. leaves.

Many species of plants in African countries are widely used in the rural communities where there is little or no access to modern medicine. However, the safety and effectiveness of these medicinal plants are poorly evaluated. The stem bark of Parkia biglobosa Jacq.

Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies.

Aim Of The Study: To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast growth stimulation activity of crude extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaf, a wound-healing plant of Nigeria.

Aim Of The Study: Determination of pharmacological activity relevant to wound healing of Bridelia ferruginea leaf, a traditional medicine used to treat wounds in rural Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts were tested against bacterial species of relevance to wound infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanolic extracts were assessed for their ability to stimulate the growth of human dermal fibroblasts (FS5) and protect against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Protection against 2- acetyl aminofluorene-induced toxicity in mice by garlic (Allium sativum), bitter kola (Garcina kola seed) and honey.

The effects of honey (Hoc) and aqueous suspensions of garlic (Allium sativum) (Ga) and bitter kola (Garcina kola seed) (Bi) on the toxicities induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) a model carcinogen, were investigated in mice. The animals were dosed for seven consecutive days with Ho, Ga and Bi as dietary supplements. They were then challenged with a single intraperitoneal (i.

Anticlastogenic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa fruits against sodium arsenite-induced micronuclei formation in erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow.

An in vivo micronucleus assay using albino mice was used to examine the anticlastogenic effects of a crude aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa fruits in bone marrow cells of mice. Various doses of freshly prepared crude extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w.