Nurse Anesthesia Diversion Prevention: A Knowledge and Needs Gap Analysis.

Background: Substance misuse is an occupational health problem for anesthesia providers (APs). More than 10% of nurse anesthetists misuse and divert medications. No standard exists for addressing AP drug diversion.

Identifying protective socio-ecological factors for college students in California's deadliest wildfire.

This case study examined multi-level social-ecological supports in promoting well-being through college students impacted by one of the deadliest wildfires in U.S. history.

Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Sensitivity of Precision Tasks in Visual Working Memory.

Precision of working memory (WM) refers to the objective performance of individuals when trying to recall the features of the encoded WM items. Studies of precision in VWM aim to identify whether differences in WM performance within individuals are sensitive to individual states or traits. In this systematic review, we study VWM precision and whether it reflects true differences in ability to accurately store information, and thereby possibly a more sensitive measure than discrete VWM span alone.

[What can be expected today of pharmacotherapy in the Alcohol Use Disorders?].

During the last past years, numerous drug have been proposed to treat Alcohol Use Disorders. Besides classical drugs as acomprosate or naltrexone, new compounds are developed in this new indication. They are used in substitution therapies (baclofen), either when the aim of the treatment is total abstinence from alcohol or as an aid for craving reduction facilitating a "controlled drinking", or also for the maintaining of abstinence (nalmefene).

Memory deficits in late-onset schizophrenia.

Late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is a controversial diagnosis, mainly characterized by more positive symptoms and less deterioration. LOS could be considered as either an extreme of typical schizophrenia (but for old age patients, and short duration of the disorder), or an independent group of patients with a specific diagnosis, with no clear evidence in favor or against any of these hypotheses. The aim of the present study is to characterize the memory cognitive profile of LOS patients without related organic factors (N=25), compared to early-onset schizophrenic patients (EOS, N=44), matched for the duration of the disorder, and healthy controls (HC, N=23), matched for the age of patients.

Frequency of gambling problems among parents of pathological, versus nonpathological, casino gamblers using slot machines.

Familial and twin studies suggest the implication of a genetic factor in pathological gambling, but mainly assess probands through treatment settings or advertisements. The question raised here is: are parents of casino pathological gamblers using slot machines more affected with pathological gambling than nonpathological gamblers, all interviewed on site at the same casino? Three hundred and fifty-five casino gamblers on slot machines, which included 96 pathological gamblers, 116 problem gamblers, and 143 nonproblem gamblers, were recruited in situ at the largest casino in the Paris suburbs. We evaluated pathological gambling and two addictive disorders (alcohol dependence and tobacco consumption) in the gamblers and their 690 parents (through the proband).

[Prevalence of pathological gambling in the general population around Paris: preliminary study].

Introduction: Pathological gambling is characterized in the DSM IV-TR as one of the disorders of impulse control. Problem gambling is also part of what is considered as behavioural addictions, the criteria of which have been defined by Goodman, with intrusive thoughts about the game, spending more and more to play, unable to control, reduce or stop gambling despite negative consequences, etc.

Aim Of The Study: There is no epidemiological study in France on the prevalence of pathological gambling.

The executive control of attention differentiates patients with schizophrenia, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls.

Attentional and executive impairments have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and in their healthy first-degree relatives. However, its nature remains unclear and discrepancies between studies have been observed. These might be due to differences in the clinical severity of the illness or in sociodemographic factors.

[Psychometric properties of the French version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale and Brown's Attention Deficit Disorders Scale for adults].

Objectives: The objective of this work was to analyse the factorial structure of the two following instruments: (1) the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) evaluates the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) for adults, with 25 items: the subjects describe their own childhood behaviour when they were 7 years old, (from few to very much, 0 to 4). The items are grouped in four clusters: affects and emotional problems; impulsivity and conduct disorders; impulsivity-hyperactivity; and difficulties in attention. A score of 46 or more strongly suggests diagnosis of a hyperactivity disorder during infancy; (2) Brown's (1996) Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (ADD) is a 40-item self-report.

Presence of co-morbid substance use disorder in bipolar patients worsens their social functioning to the level observed in patients with schizophrenia.

Bipolar disorder has been considered to have a better prognosis than schizophrenia at the very beginning of its definition. However, psychosocial functioning may vary not only because of the characteristics of the disorder, but also of co-morbid conditions, especially regarding substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this study was to compare the social adjustment level of patients with bipolar disorder with that observed in patients with schizophrenia, taking into account substance use disorder (SUD).

Influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, cannabis and childhood sexual abuse on phenotype of bipolar disorder: a preliminary study.

Objective: The gene coding for the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is considered as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder, either as a "vulnerability" or as a "modifying the phenotype" gene. Psychotic symptoms occur at least once in one bipolar patient out of two, the relevant risk factors being insufficiently understood. The gene × environment interaction approach offers the opportunity to disentangle the latter, including childhood sexual abuse and cannabis abuse.

Descriptive study of the occupational outcome of bipolar patients.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the occupational outcome of bipolar patients 3 years after being hospitalized in a psychiatry department, and the determinants of this outcome.

Methods: One hundred and one bipolar patients consecutively hospitalized between 1st January 2002 and 31st December 2003, were recruited. Their occupations and medical items were assessed at baseline from the medical records and reassessed 3 years later, using a questionnaire on their work and treatment, and a quality of life scale.

A genetic schizophrenia-susceptibility region located between the ANKK1 and DRD2 genes.

Background: The gene coding for the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is considered to be one of the most pertinent candidate genes in schizophrenia. However, genetic studies have yielded conflicting results whereas the promising TaqIA variant/rs1800497 has been mapped in a novel gene, ANKK1.

Methods: We investigated eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the DRD2 and ANKK1 genes, using both a case-control association study comparing 144 independent patients to 142 matched healthy subjects, and a transmission disequilibrium test in 108 trios.

The role of brief motivational intervention on self-efficacy and abstinence in a cohort of patients with alcohol dependence.

Objectives: Brief interventions are effective in reducing heavy drinking in the general population but few studies examined whether it is also effective in alcohol dependent patients, and whether brief intervention increases self-efficacy.

Method: One hundred and seven patients with alcohol-dependence were randomized in a controlled trial examining the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention on both self-efficacy level and days of abstinence.

Results: We found that brief motivational interventions had no effect on days of abstinence, nor on self-efficacy, but that high self-efficacy was consistently correlated with a longer period of abstinence, at all assessment-points.

Gradual digital lengthening with autologous bone graft and external fixation for correction of flail toe in a patient with Raynaud's disease.

Unlabelled: Iatrogenic flail toe is a complication of hammertoe surgery that occurs when an overaggressive resection of the proximal phalanx occurs. This can cause both functional and cosmetic concerns for the patient. We present a case report of the correction of a flail second toe in a patient with Raynaud's disease.

The 3' part of the dopamine transporter gene DAT1/SLC6A3 is associated with withdrawal seizures in patients with alcohol dependence.

Background: Some studies have reported that the A9 allele of the variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) of the gene which encodes the dopamine transporter (DAT1/SLC6A3) is associated with alcoholism withdrawal symptoms such as alcohol withdrawal seizures (WSs), whereas others did not. We investigated whether polymorphisms within the DAT1 gene are associated with WS taking into account some of the confounding factors such as the severity of alcohol dependence.

Methods: To further assess the role of this gene in WS, we genotyped the VNTR and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encompassing the DAT1 gene in a sample of 250 alcohol-dependent subjects (175 men and 75 women), of whom 24% exhibited WSs, taking into account the severity of alcohol dependence.

The CNR1 gene as a pharmacogenetic factor for antipsychotics rather than a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.

Neurobiological research suggests a significant role of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia vulnerability and also in the quality of response to antipsychotics. Genetics offer an opportunity to disentangle its involvement in the disease vulnerability vs an influence on antipsychotics' effects. The possible role of a tag SNP (the 1359G/A polymorphism) of the gene encoding the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) in schizophrenia and/or therapeutic response to atypical antipsychotics was assessed in a cohort of 133 French schizophrenic patients compared to 141 normal control subjects.

[Heritability and candidate genes in tobacco use].

HERITABILITY INDICATORS: Genetic studies of tobacco use can be useful to understand the physiopathology of nicotine dependence and potentially to prevent it. Twin and adoption studies have clearly shown the role of genetic factors in tobacco use at different stages. Genetic factors account for 55% (range: 11-84%) of the smoking initiation and 61% (range: 52-71%) for persistence.

Lifetime positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse are partially explained by co-morbid addiction.

Recent prospective findings have shown that cannabis use by young people could be a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in adulthood, but the long-term impact of cannabis abuse on the clinical features of declared schizophrenia remains to be explored. We assessed the independent influence of cannabis abuse on the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, after controlling for frequently co-occurring addictive disorders. Patients with schizophrenia, and with (N=66), or without (N=139) cannabis abuse, were compared for lifetime positive and negative symptoms, taking into account presence of any other addictive disorders.

[Meta-analysis of candidate genes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder observed during childhood, detected in 3% to 5% of school-age children. The disorder is characterised by marked inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. In most cases, symptoms can be treated by catecholamine-releasing drugs, such as methylphenidate.

Association between dopamine receptor D3 gene BalI polymorphism and cognitive impulsiveness in alcohol-dependent men.

The gene coding for the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) is considered as a major candidate gene in various addictive disorders. Association studies in alcohol-dependence for this gene are nevertheless controversial. We made the hypothesis that phenotypical heterogeneity of alcohol-dependence (i.