A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as an international health epidemic due to its rapid rise in prevalence. Consequently, scientists and or researchers will continue to find novel, safe, effective, and affordable anti-diabetic medications. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough overview of the role that lifestyle changes play in managing diabetes, as well as the standard medications that are currently being used to treat the condition and the most recent advancements in the development of novel medical treatments that may be used as future interventions for the disease.

Challenges to the Availability and Affordability of Essential Medicines in African Countries: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The availability and affordability of safe, effective, accessible, and high-quality essential medicines is a critical benchmark for achieving the right to good health, and it is also one of the goals of the global health development agenda. To that end, it is critical to conduct rigorous studies to identify the major challenges confronting developing countries, particularly those in Africa.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify the major challenges that Africans face in obtaining reasonably priced and readily available essential medicines.