Repair of Cleft Palate in Adult Patients; Impact of Speech Therapy Following Surgical Intervention in Africa.

Cleft lip and palate anomalies constitute both aesthetic and functional impairments for affected individuals. While an individual with an unrepaired cleft palate may adjust somewhat to the associated feeding challenges as he or she gets older, the consequent speech impairment is amenable primarily to surgery. It is pertinent to assess how well speech function is restored in individuals with cleft after surgical repairs.

Preoperative quality of life of patients with cleft lip and palate in Nigeria: a multicentre cross-sectional pilot study.

Introduction: the objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QoL) of the patient with a cleft lip or palate scheduled for surgery.

Methods: this analytic multicenter cross-sectional study involved six participating Smile Train Partner Hospitals from five geopolitical zones of the country and three major ethnic groups. Patients with cleft lip or cleft palate aged between 8 to 29 years scheduled for repair were recruited.

Multicenter Pattern of Cleft Surgeries and Factors Associated with Late Primary Cleft Surgery in Nigeria.

Background: This study aimed to analyze multicenter patterns in cleft deformity surgeries and identify factors associated with the timing of primary cleft repair in Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of children managed for clefts from January 2009 to December 2020 at three Smile Train partner tertiary institutions situated in the east (Enugu), west (Ibadan), and northern (Jos) parts of the country using a prospectively collected database. Outcomes were the types of surgery performed, yearly volume of surgeries, methods of repair, and time of surgery (early versus late).

Burdens and predictors of the Burden experienced by Family Caregivers of Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Tumours.

Aim: There is a dearth of knowledge on the burden of family caregivers of patients with maxillofacial tumours in Nigeria. This burden may be influenced by racial peculiarities and the disease entity of the patient. The aim of this study is to assess and document the burdens and predictors of burdens experienced by family caregivers of patients with oral maxillofacial tumours presenting at a tertiary health facility in South Western Nigeria.

COVID-19 outbreak and dental health care provision in Nigeria: a national survey.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world is unprecedented, posing greater threats to vulnerable healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of dental healthcare providers in Nigeria about the disease and evaluate their responses to the preventive measures necessitated by COVID-19.

Methods: This was an online self-administered questionnaire-based study conducted among dentists practicing in Nigeria.

The Effect of Single-Dose Bupivacaine on Postoperative Iliac Crest Graft Donor Site Pain.

Background: Postoperative donor site pain remains a major source of morbidity following iliac crest bone graft harvesting (ICBGH).

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single-dose infiltration of bupivacaine on donor site pain following ICBGH.

Subjects And Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 30 adult individuals that required an ICBG as part of the treatment for mandibular reconstruction.

Adaptable skull stand: An indigenous innovation.

The aim of this report is to describe the structure and advantages of an innovative and indigenous device, the adaptable skull stand, which serves the purpose of holding a skull model steady in a variety of positions without the need for an assistant.

Anthropometric Analysis of the Nigerian Face: Any Conformity to the Neoclassical Canons?

This study defines the facial anthropometric and aesthetic measurements in young Nigerians. This is a prospective cohort study involving facial anthropometric measurement in young adults without craniofacial abnormalities. Ten anthropometric measurements (upper facial height (tr-n), mid-facial height (n-sn), lower facial height (sn-gn), height of auricle (sa-sba) bilaterally, intercanthal width (en-en), palpebral fissure width (en-ex) bilaterally, face width (zy-zy), nose width (al-al), mouth width (ch-ch) and the interincisal distance) were determined.

Syngnathia.

Syngnathia is a congenital fusion of the upper and lower jaws. Its occurrence poses a significant challenge to feeding and its management is challenging to both the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Reports in the literature are mainly clinical reports or case series.

Single-Stage Surgical Reconstruction of Posttraumatic Compound Complex Fronto-Basal Cranial Vault Fracture in a Resource-Limited Practice.

Background: The extant literature on the surgical treatment of posttraumatic compound, complex frontal basal calvarial skull fracture suggests that this be a staged procedure. There are many socioeconomic constraints in low-resource regions of the world to the feasibility of this standard practice.

Methods: A single-stage operative procedure for the surgical treatment of these fractures in a neurosurgery practice in Nigeria is here annotated.

Developing a visual rating chart for the esthetic outcome of unilateral cleft lip and palate repair.

Introduction: Aesthetic impairment is a major concern for the cleft lip/palate patient. Thus, auditing of postsurgical esthetic outcome needs to be further explored as till date no universally accepted protocol exists. The study objective was to propose a new visual rating chart (VRC) for the aesthetic outcome of cleft lip and palate (CLP) surgery.

Intra-Operative Airway Management in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma having Reduction and Immobilization of Facial Fractures.

Background: Despite advancements in airway management, treatment of fractures in the maxillofacial region under general anesthesia remains a unique anesthetic challenge. We reviewed the pattern of airway management in patients with maxillofacial fractures and assessed those challenges associated with the different airway management techniques employed.

Materials And Methods: The anesthetic chart, theatre and maxillofacial operations records of patients who had reduction and immobilization of various maxillofacial fractures over a 2-year period were reviewed.

Updates on the epidemiology and pattern of traumatic maxillofacial injuries in a nigerian university teaching hospital: a 12-month prospective cohort in-hospital outcome study.

Many studies have been undertaken in Nigeria on maxillofacial trauma. However, only a few have considered both the skeletal and soft tissue injuries (in general) involving all the aspects of the maxillofacial region or considered other etiological sources of trauma apart from road traffic crashes. Fewer still have reviewed the outcome of management of facial injuries in our low-resource environment.

Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes-Related Maxillofacial Injuries Severity and Concomitant Injuries in 201 Patients Seen at the UCH, Ibadan.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of road traffic crashes (RTC)-related maxillofacial injuries, the concomitant injuries occurring with them, and to assess the relationship between the severity of maxillofacial and concomitant injuries. This was a prospective study involving 201 victims of RTC seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with maxillofacial injuries during the study period. Demographic data of the patients, the types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries sustained were recorded.

Pattern of midface trauma with associated concomitant injuries in a nigerian referral centre.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of midface trauma with associated concomitant injuries seen in our environment.

Methodology: This was a prospective analysis of trauma patients with midfacial injuries presenting at a referral center in South West Nigeria. In addition to socio-demographic data, the following information was also obtained: Mechanism of injuries, type of midfacial injuries, concomitant/associated injuries and treatment.

Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Fibro-osseous lesion is a broad term for a diverse group of jaw disorders characterized by the replacement of normal bone by a benign fibrous connective tissue matrix. The present study reviewed the clinico-pathologic characteristics of all biopsied cases of fibro-osseous lesions at our hospital from 1990 to 2011, which we hope will serve as a reference database regionally.

Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological review of all histologically diagnosed cases of jaw fibro-osseous lesions seen at our Hospital between January 1990 and December 2011.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: Report of a case.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare odontogenic malignancy with benign epithelial and malignant ectomesenchymal components. About 66 cases have been reported in the medical literature. We therefore report an additional case as well as a review of literature to add to the existing knowledge on this rare lesion.

Appraisal of jaw swellings in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.

Introduction: The mandible and maxilla can be the site of myriads of lesions that may be categorized as neoplastic, cystic, reactive and infective or inflammatory. Literature reviewing jaw swellings in an amalgamated fashion are uncommon, probably because aetiologies for these swellings are varied. However, to appreciate their relative relationship, it is essential to evaluate the clinico-pathologic profile of jaw swellings.

Odontogenic tumours: A review of 266 cases.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relative frequency of odontogenic tumours at a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, as well as to study the various histologic types based on WHO 2005 classification and to compare results from this study with those of previous studies.

Study Design: The records of the Oral Pathology Department of University College Hospital were reviewed. Lesions diagnosed as odontogenic tumours were categorized into four groups based on WHO 2005 classification and were analyzed for age, sex and site using SPSS for Window (version 18.

Clear cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma of skin: A report of a case.

Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare variant of SCC of skin in which ultraviolet radiation has been suggested as possible etiology. This case is that of a 62-year-old male concrete block maker/bricklayer who presented with a 6 months history of a non-healing ulcer on the left side of his face. Histology showed features of malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of islands of large oval to polyhedral malignant squamous cells with eosinophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei and there were areas showing clear cell differentiation and isolated areas of keratin pearl formation.

Condylar disarticulation; analysis of 20 cases from a nigerian tertiary centre.

Background: A disarticulation resection is a variant of mandibular segmental resection in which the condylar articulation is sacrificed. Indication varies from primary condylar lesions to jaw conditions involving the condyle.

Aim: This retrospective analysis was carried out to highlight the pattern of disarticulation resections carried out in our centre over a five-year period.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma, socioeconomic status and history of exposure to alcohol and tobacco.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma, traditionally a disease of elderly men with a history of chronic exposure to the carcinogenic effects of tobacco and alcohol, is presently being more frequently diagnosed both in a younger patient population and in those not exposed to these carcinogenic substances. At our center, most patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma are not involved in the use of tobacco or alcoholic beverages and are mainly of a low socioeconomic class. This hospital-based case-control study was designed to assess if the risk of developing intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria, was associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol, or socioeconomic status.