Patterns of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Community Outpatient Psychiatric Practice: a Real-World Evaluation of Treatment Gaps.

Vitamin D is traditionally recognized for its role in bone mineralization but recent observations suggest additional pertinent functions in neuronal biology. The present study examines the rate and pattern of Vitamin D deficiency in the outpatient mental health clinic of a community teaching hospital as well as the vitamin D supplementation practices of outpatient psychiatrists. Participants include 148 consecutive psychiatric outpatients.

Effects of divalent cations on bovine corneal stromal swelling rates.

Purpose: The corneal stroma swells with edema fluid due to electrostatic repulsion of its negatively charged glycosaminoglycans, and divalent metal cations inhibit edema development. We investigated whether or not nonmetal divalent cations might also inhibit edema development.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the hydration rates of stromas bathed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or phosphate-buffered magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, hexamethonium dihydrochloride, putrescine dihydrochloride, and ethylenediamine hydrochloride solutions at pH 7.