On-farm diversity and production challenges in Ethiopian tef [ ((Zuccagni) Trotter)] landraces from Arsi zone, Ethiopia: Implications for breeding and conservation.

Context: Tef [ ((Zucc.) Trotter)] is a remarkable indigenous crop, highly adaptive and resilient to erratic and extreme climatic and soil conditions. It is a major staple food in Ethiopia and is usually cultivated for household consumption and the generation of income.

Evaluation of Loopamp Leishmania detection kit for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia and some parts of Kenya is predominantly caused by Leishmania aethiopica. While skin-slit (SS) microscopy is routinely used for CL diagnosis, more sensitive molecular tests are available. The Loopampâ„¢ Leishmania detection kit (Loopamp) is a robust loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with the potential for implementation in primary healthcare facilities.

Effects of long-term dehydration and quick rehydration on the camel kidney: pathological changes and modulation of the expression of solute carrier proteins and aquaporins.

Background: Recurrent dehydration causes chronic kidney disease in humans and animal models. The dromedary camel kidney has remarkable capacity to preserve water and solute during long-term dehydration. In this study, we investigated the effects of dehydration and subsequent rehydration in the camel's kidney histology/ultrastructure and changes in aquaporin/solute carrier proteins along with gene expression.

Work autonomy and its associated factors among health professionals in public hospitals of North East Ethiopia.

A low level of work autonomy is the bottleneck for the health service delivery and the quality of the service. Although work autonomy is the pillar of organizational commitment and a means of employee retention mechanism, information about the magnitude of work autonomy among health professionals is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess work autonomy and its predictors among health professionals working in public hospitals of Northeast Ethiopia.

Case Report; Concomitant Left Nutcracker Syndrome and Right Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

We report rare case of concomitant left nutcracker syndrome and right ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) on adult female patient diagnosed by CT urogram after she presented with intermittent bilateral flank pain. For this we did Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty for right ureteropelvic obstruction, it was laparoscopic initially but due to difficulty of stenting it is changed to open. She had smooth post-op course then discharged on 3rd post-op day.

The practice and determinants of ambulance service utilization in pre-hospital settings, Jimma City, Ethiopia.

Background: In pre-hospital setting, ambulance provides emergency care and means of transport to arrive at appropriate health centers are as vital as in-hospital care, especially, in developing countries. Accordingly, Ethiopia has made several efforts to improve accessibility of ambulances services in prehospital care system that improves the quality of basic emergency care. Yet, being a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia, empirical studies are inadequate with regard to the practice and determinants of ambulance service utilization in pre-hospital settings.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Ethiopia.

Diabetes mellitus shares a large proportion of kidney failure. Despite many patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and its complications in Dessie City, no study was conducted in the study area that shows the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among adult diabetes mellitus patients attending Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia.

Dolutegravir based therapy showed CD4 T cell count recovery and viral load suppression among ART naïve people living with HIV AIDS: a pilot evaluation.

Recently, dolutegravir (DTG)-based combined therapy, a more effective and safer first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), has been recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) since July 2018. However, its effectiveness in CD4 T-cells count recovery and viral load suppression has not been studied yet in Ethiopia, where HIV is endemic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a pilot assessment on the effect of DTG-based therapy on CD4 T-cell count and viral load count among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Ethiopia.

Pharmacological Approaches Using Diabetic Drugs Repurposed for Alzheimer's Disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are chronic, progressive disorders affecting the elderly, which fosters global healthcare concern with the growing aging population. Both T2DM and AD have been linked with increasing age, advanced glycosylation end products, obesity, and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in the periphery is significant in the development of T2DM and it has been posited that insulin resistance in the brain plays a key role in AD pathogenesis, earning AD the name "type 3 diabetes".

Outcome of Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy Regimens for Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the third most commonly treated cancer with radiation in Ethiopia. Most patients present with advanced stage and are not candidates for curative treatment. The objective of our study is to assess the outcome of hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy (RT) for advanced HNCs in a resource-limited setting.

Effects of long-term dehydration on stress markers, blood parameters, and tissue morphology in the dromedary camel ().

Introduction: Dromedary camels robustly withstand dehydration, and the rough desert environment but the adaptation mechanisms are not well understood. One of these mechanisms is that the dromedary camel increases its body temperature to reduce the process of evaporative cooling during the hot weather. Stress in general, has deleterious effects in the body.

Diagnostic performance of CL Detect rapid-immunochromatographic test for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sensitive, robust, and fast point-of-care tests are needed for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) diagnosis. The recently developed CL Detect rapid test (InBios) for detecting Leishmania peroxidoxin antigen has been evaluated in several studies. However, diagnostic performances were controversial.

Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from the Leaves, Roots, and Stems Parts of Artemisia annua, Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum lamiifolium Plants.

Medicinal plants are known to harbor diverse species of endophytic bacteria which are known for secretion of beneficial secondary metabolites, like enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify the endophytic bacteria isolates from Artemisia annua, Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum lamiifolium plants. Certain endophytic bacterial isolates were screened.

Obesity associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic challenges.

Obesity is a prominent health issue worldwide and directly impacts pancreatic health, with obese individuals exhibiting a significant risk for increasing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several factors potentially explain the increased risk for the development of PDAC, including obesity-induced chronic inflammation within and outside of the pancreas, development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, promotion of immune suppression within the pancreas during inflammation, pre- and malignant stages, variations in hormones levels (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) produced from the adipose tissue, and acquisition of somatic mutations in tumor once- and suppressor proteins critical for pancreatic tumorigenesis. In this manuscript, we will explore the broad impact of these obesity-induced risk factors on the development and progression of PDAC, focusing on changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as they pertain to prevention, current therapeutic strategies, and future directions for targeting obesity management as they relate to the prevention of pancreatic tumorigenesis.

Giant Pyonephrosis in an Ectopic Kidney: A Case Report.

Pyonephrosis is characterized by infective hydronephrosis accompanied by suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma, resulting in partial or complete impairment of renal function. Patients present with wide range of symptoms, they can be asymptomatic in 15% but most of them present with septic features like fever, chills, and flank pain. Urinary tract infections, functional and anatomic obstruction, and anatomic anomalies such as pelvic and horseshoe kidneys are common etiologic factors.

Bambara Nut Root-Nodules Bacteria from a Semi-Arid Region of South Africa and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Traits.

Rhizobial nitrogen-fixing bacteria are the main inhabitants of the root nodules of legume plants. Studying the bacterial community of legume nodules is important in understanding plant growth and nutrient requirements. Culture-based technique was used to examine the bacterial community of these underground organs from L.

Insights into the potential of Sanguinarine as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of BC. A significant proportion of BC is characterized by a hypoxic TME, which contributes to the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence.

Complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms: Novel insights into the regulation of the immune response in metastatic breast cancer.

FOXP3 is a key transcription factor in the regulation of immune responses, and recent studies have uncovered the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in various cancers, including metastatic breast cancers (mBCs). It has dual role in the tumor microenvironment of mBCs. This review aims to provide novel insights into the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in the regulation of the immune response in breast cancer.

Post COVID-19 vaccination side effects and associated factors among vaccinated health care providers in Oromia region, Ethiopia in 2021.

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) known as COVID-19 since its outbreak in 2019, more than 375 and 5.6 million were infected and dead, respectively. Its influence in all disciplines stimulated different industries to work day to night relentlessly to develop safe and effective vaccines to reduce the catastrophic effect of the disease.

Unmet need for contraception among married adolescent girls and young women in Haramaya Health and demographic surveillance system, Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: The prevalence of unmet need for contraception is the highest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Contraceptive use among young married or unmarried women is lower than that among older women in developing countries. Previous studies generalized the findings to all women of reproductive age and have not investigated psychosocial factors that influence contraceptive use.

Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty.

This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis.

Patient-Centered Communication Among Pharmacy Professionals Working in Hospitals and Drug Retail Outlets in Asmara, Eritrea: Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Barriers.

Background: Globally, preventable medication-related problems are increasing constantly. Patient-centered communication (PCC) is essential to identify and reduce the occurrence of drug-related problems such as inappropriate use of medications, adverse drug reactions and non-adherence. In Eritrea, personal observations and anecdotal reports showed that pharmacy professionals' practice towards PCC was unsatisfactory.

Tuberculosis and isoniazid prophylaxis among adult HIV positive patients on ART in Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can avert tuberculosis (TB) incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, the concomitant use of ART with isoniazid (INH) has a paramount effect. Despite this evidence, there is a paucity of data regarding TB incidence among HIV patients on ART with and without isoniazid prophylaxis and its predictors. Thus, this study sought to assess the incidence and predictors of TB among adult HIV positive patients on ART.