Cupuaçu extract protects the kidneys of diabetic rats by modulating Nrf2/NF-κB p65 and iNOS.

Diabetes is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress. Its suggested that extract of cupuaçu could improve the antioxidant system in diabetes. The aim was to evaluate the effect of EC on Nrf2/NF-κB p65 in normal and diabetic rats.

A retrospective view of the relationship of soluble Fas with anemia and outcomes in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Anemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with outcomes. In addition, serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels are related to anemia and erythropoietin (EPO) resistance.

Objectives: Firstly, to compare clinical data and serum levels of sFas, EPO, and pro-inflammatory markers between patients with non-dialytic CKD (NDD-CKD) and healthy subjects.

Relation between red blood cell distribution width and acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the association of red blood cell distribution width with acute kidney injury in sepsis.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 849 critically ill patients with sepsis in intensive care unit. Demographic data, renal function, inflammation, complete blood count, and acid-base parameters were compared between acute kidney injury and non-acute kidney injury groups.

P2X7 receptor-nitric oxide interaction mediates apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells exposed to high glucose.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We showed that P2X7, a purinergic receptor, was highly expressed in DM; however, when oxidative stress was controlled, renal NO recovered, and the activation of this receptor remained significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NO on the P2X7 and apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) cultured in high glucose (HG) medium.

N-acetylcysteine protects against diabetic nephropathy through control of oxidative and nitrosative stress by recovery of nitric oxide in rats.

The diabetes mellitus (DM) induces several changes, with substantial increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS cause damage to systemic and renal microvasculature, which could be one of the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ROS modulate other substances like the nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator with important role in the renal function.

Cupuaçu extract reduces nitrosative stress and modulates inflammatory mediators in the kidneys of experimental diabetes.

Background & Aims: We have previously reported an increased nitrosative stress in the kidneys of diabetic animals, which was reduced by an antioxidant probiotic. The present study evaluated whether the extract of cupuaçu (EC), an antioxidant compound rich in polyphenols and theograndins, when administered at a dose that can be reasonably obtained through daily consumption, could delay the onset of diabetic complications in the kidney.

Methods: Mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) were placed in medium normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG), with or without EC (500, 100, 50 or 10 μg/mL) during 24, 48 or 72 h for analysis of viability, proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) levels and reactive oxygen species or nitrogen (ROS/RNS).

Immunomodulation and nitric oxide restoration by a probiotic and its activity in gut and peritoneal macrophages in diabetic rats.

Background: The hyperglycemia leads to increased oxidative stress, causing lipid peroxidation and imbalance in the immune system.

Aims: To investigate the effect of Kefir - a probiotic containing different strains - on metabolic parameters, cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and intestinal modulation in diabetes.

Methods: Wistar rats received injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, intravenously) and diabetes was defined as glycemia ≥200 mg/dL.

P2X(7) receptor in the kidneys of diabetic rats submitted to aerobic training or to N-acetylcysteine supplementation [corrected].

Previous studies in our laboratory showed that N-acetylcysteine supplementation or aerobic training reduced oxidative stress and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. The P2X(7 receptor is up-regulated in pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. This up-regulation is related to oxidative stress and induces tissue apoptosis or necrosis.

Kefir administration reduced progression of renal injury in STZ-diabetic rats by lowering oxidative stress.

This study aimed at assessing the effects of Kefir, a probiotic fermented milk, on oxidative stress in diabetic animals. The induction of diabetes was achieved in adult male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were distributed into four groups as follows: control (CTL); control Kefir (CTLK); diabetic (DM) and diabetic Kefir (DMK).

Effects of training and nitric oxide on diabetic nephropathy progression in type I diabetic rats.

The aim of the paper is to assess nitric oxide (NO) production during aerobic training and its role on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) was achieved in adult male Wistar rats with streptozotocin. Half of the animals underwent training on a treadmill and the others (sedentary) stayed on a turned-off treadmill for the same period according to the following groups: sedentary control (CTL + SE); training control (CTL + EX); sedentary diabetic (DM + SE); and training diabetic (DM + EX) (n = 9 for all groups).

Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with gentamicin (GENTA) nephrotoxicity and the renal function recovery after suspension of GENTA treatment in rats.

GENTA nephrotoxicity is likely to be caused, among other factors, by an increase of vasoconstrictors or a decrease of vasodilators such as NO. Few days after discontinuing GENTA treatment, the renal function is recovered, but if risk factors like advanced age, previous renal dysfunction, simultaneous use of other nephrotoxic drugs or dehydration are present, severe and progressive renal disease occurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal function in rats during GENTA treatment and after its suspension as well as its relationship with NO.