The Diffusion of Smoking: Association Between School Tobacco Policies and the Diffusion of Adolescent Smoking in 38 Schools in 6 Countries.

Social network research has evidenced the role of peer effects in the adoption of behaviours. Little is known, however, about whether policies affect how behaviours are shared in a network. To contribute to this literature, we apply the concept of diffusion centrality to school tobacco policies and adolescent smoking.

Use of generic social services and social integration of patients with a severe mental illness in Belgium: Individual and services network determinants.

Background: Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) have low levels of social integration, which could be improved if they used social services. To our knowledge, however, the extent to which they use generic social services remains unknown.

Aims: We assessed the extent to which patients with SMI use generic social services and the factors that may drive that usage.

The effect of school smoke-free policies on smoking stigmatization: A European comparison study among adolescents.

The increasing denormalization of smoking by tobacco control policies and a normative smoke-free climate may shift power towards adolescent non-smokers. It is unclear, however, how common stigmatization of smokers is among adolescents or how stigmatization relates to the denormalization of smoking in their school and social environment. This paper aims to measure (1) whether stigmatization among European adolescents varies according to smoking status and socioeconomic position (SES), and (2) whether stigmatization is greater in school environments in which smoking is denormalized (i.

School tobacco policies and adolescent smoking in six European cities in 2013 and 2016: A school-level longitudinal study.

Assessment of the effectiveness of school tobacco policies (STPs) in reducing adolescent smoking remains inconclusive. Previous studies took insufficient account of different dimensions of STPs, the different views of students and staff, and policy changes over time. This study assessed how a multidimensional STP, as perceived by students and staff, was associated with adolescent smoking over time in six European cities.

'[…] the situation in the schools still remains the Achilles heel.' Barriers to the implementation of school tobacco policies-a qualitative study from local stakeholder's perspective in seven European cities.

School tobacco policies (STPs) are a crucial strategy to reduce adolescents smoking. Existing studies have investigated STPs predominantly from a school-related 'insider' view. Yet, little is known about barriers that are not identified from the 'schools' perspective', such as perceptions of local stakeholders.

Key dimensions of collaboration quality in mental health care service networks.

Appropriate care delivery for patients with severe mental illness (SMI) requires a high level of collaboration quality between primary, mental health, and social care services. Few studies have addressed the interpersonal and inter-organizational components of collaboration within one unique study setting and it is unclear how these components contribute to overall collaboration quality. Using a comprehensive model that includes ten key indicators of collaboration in relation to both components, we evaluated how interpersonal and inter-organizational collaboration quality were associated in 19 networks that included 994 services across Belgium.

Smoking beliefs across genders, a comparative analysis of seven European countries.

Background: Most European countries have seen a decrease in the prevalence of adolescent smoking. This decrease has, however, been patterned by gender. Girls' smoking rates have now overtaken boys' in many European countries.

Youth Access to Cigarettes Across Seven European Countries: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Despite widespread age-of-sale restrictions on tobacco, adolescents continue to obtain cigarettes and experiment with smoking. This mixed-methods study aimed to understand how European adolescents access cigarettes and how the policy context may influence this process, using a realist evaluation approach. This is the first study to assess access to cigarettes across various European contexts.

The visibility of smoking in Europe and its relationship with youth's positive beliefs about smoking.

Objectives: To determine adolescent-reported visibility of smoking in different public and private spaces in Europe and associations between smoking visibility and beliefs about the benefits of smoking.

Methods: We used SILNE-R cross-sectional survey data (2016/2017) of 10,798 14-16-year-old students from 55 secondary schools in seven European cities. Respondents reported for private and public spaces whether they had seen others smoke there in the last 6 months.

The association between smoke-free school policies and adolescents' anti-smoking beliefs: Moderation by family smoking norms.

Background: Smoke-free school policies (SFSPs) may influence adolescents' smoking through the development of anti-smoking beliefs. We assessed which types of anti-smoking beliefs (health, social and societal) are associated with SFSPs and whether these associations were different for adolescents in smoking permissive versus prohibitive families.

Methods: Survey data was collected in 2016-2017 from 10,980 adolescents between 14-16 years old and 315 staff in 55 schools from seven European cities.

Effectiveness of Health and Social Service Networks for Severely Mentally Ill Patients' Outcomes: A Case-Control Study.

Mental health and social care services networks aim to provide patients with continuity of care and support their recovery. There is, however, no conclusive evidence of their effectiveness. Since 2011, Belgium has been implementing a nation-wide reform of mental health care by commissioning service networks.

Same-Sex Friendship, School Gender Composition, and Substance Use: A Social Network Study of 50 European Schools.

Background: Other-sex friendship (girls with boy friends, boys with girl friends) has been associated with substance use, but how the gender composition of schools influences substance use has not been known.

Objectives: We analyzed the influence of other-sex friendship on substance use and took into account the proportion of each gender group at the schools, and hypothesized that other-sex friendship is associated with higher levels of substance use and that schools with a majority of males have higher levels of use than female-majority schools.

Methods: In 2013, a social network survey was carried out in six European cities.

A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities.

Background: Social integration and the health of adolescents with a migration background is a major concern in multicultural societies. The literature, however, has paid little attention to the wider determinants of their health behaviours, including the composition of their social networks. The aim of this study was to describe the composition of adolescents' social networks according to migration background, and to examine how social networks are associated with substance use.

Assessment of the priority target group of mental health service networks within a nation-wide reform of adult psychiatry in Belgium.

Background: Belgium is currently implementing a nation-wide reform of mental health care delivery based on service networks. These networks are supposed to strengthen the community-based supply of care, reduce the resort to hospitals, and improve the continuity of care. They are also intended to supply comprehensive care to all adult mental health users.

Implementing a Nation-Wide Mental Health Care Reform: An Analysis of Stakeholders' Priorities.

Belgium has recently reformed its mental health care delivery system with the goals to strengthen the community-based supply of care, care integration, and the social rehabilitation of users and to reduce the resort to hospitals. We assessed whether these different reform goals were endorsed by stakeholders. One-hundred and twenty-two stakeholders ranked, online, eighteen goals of the reform according to their priorities.