Mortality in Stray Kittens under Eight Weeks Old: Focusing on Congenital Malformations.

Neonatal and pediatric mortality in kittens could be associated with bacterial infections, complications from inadequate management, congenital malformations, neonatal isoerythrolysis, parasitic diseases, and viral diseases. The complexity of causes, coupled with kittens' physiological and immunological immaturity, complicates the diagnosis and treatment of disease, highlighting the necessity for preventive measures. This study aimed to identify the leading causes of death and the occurrence of congenital malformations in stray kittens.

Integrated Study of Canine Mammary Tumors Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Cytogenetic Findings.

Cancer is a complex pathological condition associated with substantial rates of mortality and morbidity in both humans and animals. Mammary gland tumors in intact female dogs are the most prevalent neoplasms. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment choice.

Exploring the role of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary tumors.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a significant health concern in dogs, with a high incidence among intact female dogs. CMTs are a promising comparative model for human breast cancer, due to sharing several pathophysiological features. Additionally, CMTs have a strong genetic correlation with their human counterpart, including the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs).

A spontaneous ovarian teratoma in an FVB/n female mouse: Case report and literature review.

Background: Teratomas are rare types of germ cell neoplasms composed of various differentiated or undifferentiated tissues.

Case Description: A 25-week-old female control FVB /n mouse in a 4-week toxicity study presented abdominal distension and poor body condition. It was euthanized, and the necropsy examination revealed a large mass connected to the tip of the right uterine horn, occupying the entire abdominal cavity.

Mammary Glands of Women, Female Dogs and Female Rats: Similarities and Differences to Be Considered in Breast Cancer Research.

Breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known types of cancer among women worldwide and is the most frequent neoplasm in intact female dogs. Female dogs are considered attractive models or studying spontaneous breast cancer, whereas female rats are currently the most widely used animal models for breast cancer research in the laboratory context. Both female dogs and female rats have contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field, and, in a "One Health" approach, they have allowed broad understanding of specific biopathological pathways, influence of environmental factors and screening/discovery of candidate therapies.

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry.

Abnormal prion proteins (PrP) are the disease-associated isoform of cellular prion protein and diagnostic markers of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These neurodegenerative diseases affect humans and several animal species and include scrapie, zoonotic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease of cervids (CWD), and the newly identified camel prion disease (CPD). Diagnosis of TSEs relies on immunodetection of PrP by application of both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western immunoblot methods (WB) on encephalon tissues, namely, the brainstem (obex level).

Estimating sequence diversity of prion protein gene () in Portuguese populations of two cervid species: red deer and fallow deer.

Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now a rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the detection of the first case in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until June 2022 a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The definite diagnosis is , performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting.

Assuring the Biofunctionalization of Silicone Covalently Bonded to Rhamnolipids: Antibiofilm Activity and Biocompatibility.

Silicone-based medical devices composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are widely used all over the human body (e.g., urinary stents and catheters, central venous catheters stents) with extreme clinical success.

An Integrative Approach to Characterize the Early Phases of Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in the Rat.

This study aimed to characterize an animal model of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early stages of disease development. Twenty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into two control groups (CTRL1 and CTRL2), receiving EDTA-saline injections and two induced groups (CRC1 and CRC2), receiving 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injections for seven consecutive weeks. CRC1 and CTRL1 were euthanized at the 11th week, while CRC2 and CTRL2 were euthanized at the 17th week.

Mutant p53 reactivator SLMP53-2 hinders ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis.

The growing incidence of skin cancer (SC) has prompted the search for additional preventive strategies to counteract this global health concern. Mutant p53 (mutp53), particularly with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) signature, has emerged as a promising target for SC prevention based on its key role in skin carcinogenesis. Herein, the preventive activity of our previously disclosed mutp53 reactivator SLMP53-2 against UVR-induced SC was investigated.

Scrapie at Abattoir: Monitoring, Control, and Differential Diagnosis of Wasting Conditions during Meat Inspection.

Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection.

Toxicological and anti-tumor effects of a linden extract ( Scop.) in a HPV16-transgenic mouse model.

Tilia platyphyllos Scop. is a popular broad-leaved tree, native to Central and Southern Europe. Hydroethanolic extracts rich in phenolic compounds obtained from T.

Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer: From Spontaneous to Genetically Engineered Models and Their Applications.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs.

Refinement of Animal Model of Colorectal Carcinogenesis through the Definition of Novel Humane Endpoints.

This study aimed to define appropriate humane endpoints (HEs) for an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC). Twenty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into two control groups (CTRL1 and CTRL2) injected with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-saline solutions and two induced groups (CRC1 and CRC2) injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for seven weeks. A score sheet with 14 biological parameters was used to assess animal welfare.

Modelling the impact of nucleolin expression level on the activity of F3 peptide-targeted pH-sensitive pegylated liposomes containing doxorubicin.

Strategies targeting nucleolin have enabled a significant improvement in intracellular bioavailability of their encapsulated payloads. In this respect, assessment of the impact of target cell heterogeneity and nucleolin homology across species (structurally and functionally) is of major importance. This work also aimed at mathematically modelling the nucleolin expression levels at the cell membrane, binding and internalization of pH-sensitive pegylated liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin and functionalized with the nucleolin-binding F3 peptide (PEGASEMP), and resulting cytotoxicity against cancer cells from mouse, rat, canine, and human origin.

Neuropathology of Animal Prion Diseases.

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a fatal group of infectious, inherited and spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases affecting human and animals. They are caused by the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP) into a misfolded pathological isoform (PrP or prion- proteinaceous infectious particle) that self-propagates by conformational conversion of PrP. Yet by an unknown mechanism, PrP can fold into different PrP conformers that may result in different prion strains that display specific disease phenotype (incubation time, clinical signs and lesion profile).

First report of Spirocerca vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Portugal.

Recent studies have described Spirocerca lupi-like nematodes in the stomach of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Europe. A phylogenetic analysis of those specimens using mitochondrial DNA and their morphological reexamination allowed their characterization as a different species, Spirocerca vulpis. Between the years of 2010 and 2017, roundworms were collected from seven red foxes of northeastern Portugal found at necropsy with nodular lesions on their stomach wall.

Canine Spindle Cell Mammary Tumor: A Retrospective Study of 67 Cases.

Canine spindle cell mammary tumor (CSCMT) is an infrequent canine mammary tumor (CMT) composed of spindle or fusiform cells, which represents a challenge for pathologists and clinicians. Mammary tumors submitted for histopathology from 1998 to 2013 and compatible with CSCMTs were retrospectively selected. The tumors were diagnosed based on the hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained section; malignant tumors were graded using a canine soft tissue sarcoma grading scheme and a canine mammary tumor grading scheme, and they were further assigned a diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, p63, calponin, vimentin, Ki-67, CD31, desmin, myosin, smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100.

In vivo tissue response and antibacterial efficacy of minocycline delivery system based on polymethylmethacrylate bone cement.

This study aims the in vivo biological characterization of an innovative minocycline delivery system, based on polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Bone cements containing 1% or 2.5% (w/w) minocycline were formulated and evaluated through solid-state characterization.

Intense Pulsed Light: Friend or Foe? Molecular Evidence to Clarify Doubts.

Background/aim: Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been extensively applied in the field of dermatology and aesthetics; however, the long-term consequences of its use are poorly unknown, and to the best of our knowledge there is no study on the effect of IPL in neoplastic lesions. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying IPL application in the skin, we used an animal model of carcinogenesis obtained by chemical induction with 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

Materials And Methods: Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were administered DMBA and/or TPA and treated with IPL.

Canine invasive mammary carcinomas as models of human breast cancer. Part 1: natural history and prognostic factors.

Purpose: Dogs have been proposed as spontaneous animal models of human breast cancer, based on clinicopathologic similarities between canine and human mammary carcinomas. We hypothesized that a better knowledge of the natural history and prognostic factors of canine invasive mammary carcinomas would favor the design of preclinical trials using dogs as models of breast cancer.

Methods: The 2-year outcome of 350 female dogs with spontaneous invasive mammary carcinoma was studied.

Canine invasive mammary carcinomas as models of human breast cancer. Part 2: immunophenotypes and prognostic significance.

Purpose: Relevant animal models of human breast cancer are currently needed, especially for the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Recent studies and our results (Part 1) indicate that spontaneous canine invasive mammary carcinomas (CMCs) resemble human breast cancer by clinics and pathology as well as behavior and prognostic indicators. We hypothesized that the current molecular classifications of human breast cancer, used for therapeutic decision, could be relevant to dogs.

A Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonographic Study About the Impact of Long-term Exercise Training on Mammary Tumor Vascularization.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term exercise training on the vascularization of rat mammary tumors.

Methods: Female rats were divided into 4 groups: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treated sedentary, MNU treated exercised, control sedentary, and control exercised. Tumor development was induced in the MNU groups by MNU administration.

Modulation of mammary tumor vascularization by mast cells: Ultrasonographic and histopathological approaches.

Aims: The inhibition of mast cells' degranulation may be an approach to prevent the formation of new vessels during the mammary carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Mammary tumors were induced by intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).