Dispersion strategies of nanomaterials in polymeric inks for efficient 3D printing of soft and smart 3D structures: A systematic review.

Nanoscience-often summarized as "the future is tiny"-highlights the work of researchers advancing nanotechnology through incremental innovations. The design and innovation of new nanomaterials are vital for the development of next-generation three-dimensional (3D) printed structures characterized by low cost, high speed, and versatile capabilities, delivering exceptional performance in advanced applications. The integration of nanofillers into polymeric-based inks for 3D printing heralds a new era in additive manufacturing, allowing for the creation of custom-designed 3D objects with enhanced multifunctionality.

A smart thermoresponsive macroporous 4D structure by 4D printing of Pickering-high internal phase emulsions stabilized by plasma-functionalized starch nanomaterials for a possible delivery system.

Hierarchically porous structures combine microporosity, mesoporosity, and microporosity to enhance pore accessibility and transport, which are crucial to develop high performance materials for biofabrication, food, and pharmaceutical applications. This work aimed to develop a 4D-printed smart hierarchical macroporous structure through 3D printing of Pickering-type high internal phase emulsions (Pickering-HIPEs). The key was the utilization of surface-active (hydroxybutylated) starch nanomaterials, including starch nanocrystals (SNCs) (from waxy maize starch through acid hydrolysis) or starch nanoparticles (SNPs) (obtained through an ultrasound treatment).

3D Printing of Bioactive Gel-like Double Emulsion into a Biocompatible Hierarchical Macroporous Self-Lubricating Scaffold for 3D Cell Culture.

The interconnected hierarchically porous structures are of key importance for potential applications as substrates for drug delivery, cell culture, and bioscaffolds, ensuring cell adhesion and sufficient diffusion of metabolites and nutrients. Here, encapsulation of a vitamin C-loaded gel-like double emulsion using a hydrophobic emulsifier and soy particles was performed to develop a bioactive bioink for 3D printing of highly porous scaffolds with enhanced cell biocompatibility. The produced double emulsions suggested a mechanical strength with the range of elastic moduli of soft tissues possessing a thixotropic feature and recoverable matrix.

Application of gum Arabic and maltodextrin for encapsulation of eggplant peel extract as a natural antioxidant and color source.

Our aim was to produce an encapsulated powder loaded with eggplant peel extract as a natural source of color and antioxidants through gum Arabic and maltodextrin. The effect of spray drying inlet temperature (140-170°C) and various carriers (maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and their combination) on powder production yield, physical properties, flowability, color, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microstructure and particle size were investigated. Our results revealed that physicochemical properties of powders were influenced by the carrier type and inlet temperature.

Nano-encapsulation of olive leaf phenolic compounds through WPC-pectin complexes and evaluating their release rate.

In this study, W/O micro-emulsions as primary emulsions and a complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin in the external aqueous phase were used to produce W/O/W emulsions. Average droplet size of primary W/O emulsion and multiple emulsions stabilized by WPC or WPC-pectin after one day of production was 6.16, 675.

Application of nano-encapsulated olive leaf extract in controlling the oxidative stability of soybean oil.

Our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of olive leave extract (OLE) encapsulated by nano-emulsions in soybean oil. The average droplet size one day after production was 6.16 nm for primary W/O nano-emulsion and, 675 nm and 1443 nm for multiple emulsions stabilized by WPC alone and complex of WPC-pectin, respectively.

Feasibility, reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (IDQOL-BCI).

Aims: To validate and culturally adapt the Diabetes-specific Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQOL-BCI) for the Iranian population.

Methods: After translation - back translation, content validity was assessed utilizing a panel of six experts. Based on a sample of 180 diabetic patients referred to two Diabetics Clinic Centers from September to May 2011 in Karaj, Iran, construct validity via detecting the factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated by scale-item correlations and known group analyses.