Pro and anti-inflammatory diets as strong epigenetic factors in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the consequence of a complex interplay between environmental factors, like dietary habits, that alter intestinal microbiota in response to luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Epigenetics represents an auspicious area for the discovery of how environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of inflammation, prognosis, and response to therapy. Consequently, it relates to gene expression control in response to environmental influences.

Deep-Dive Directions for Dietitians (DDDDs): a roadmap for the nutritional management of poorly responsive coeliac disease patients.

A substantial number of coeliac disease patients fail to respond to treatment with a gluten-free diet. Non-responsiveness might be multifactorial and the spectrum ranges from intentional or inadvertent gluten contamination as the main aetiology, to sensitivity to other nutrients (in addition to additives and preservatives). If the diagnosis of coeliac disease is correctly made and cross contamination and other factors have been excluded, then the aetiology behind the symptoms of a small group of coeliac patients might be refractory coeliac disease.